The Economic Climate Of The Age - 1730 Words

Civ Final Paper Group 1 (Prompt 1): Labor In the 1800s, there was to prevalent strategy a society could agree upon as the strategy that would produce the most efficient and fairest way to oversee the economy. This is seen through the eyes of individuals on both sides of this issues as they make appeals for why their system is the best. The most effective way to run an economy is thusly rather difficult to uncover; for every zealot of one position, there is another with the opposite point of view. In this paper, I illustrate the economic climate of the age by examining the numerous views voice by ardent advocates with varying positions in order to determine both the most popular and the most logical solutions to the complex issue of labor. The first document worth considering is the â€Å"1846-47 Factory Legislation Debates.† It contains several different viewpoints regarding labor which are defended by different supporters as the debate of the proposed 10 Hours Bill which took place in the House of Commons. The debate begins with John Fielden’s claim that women and children are working far too many hours a week. It is important to consider that Fielden is among the top cotton producers in England, so his position for more regulation is surprising. More regulation would surely mean fewer profits, but Fielden considers the risks to workers so immense that it is worth the cost. He goes on to propose a new twelve-hour workday that includes two hours set aside for meals (Fielden,Show MoreRelatedThe Climate Of Rebellion During Modern Ottoman Empire1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Climate of Rebellion in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire by Sam White is a study of the Ottoman environmental history during the early modern time. Even though environmental history field has been existed for a while, there is very little research on the Ottoman Empire’s environmental history. Despite the limited resources, White finds a different way to approach the issue and writes the first study about the environmental history of the early modern Ottoman Empire. In the beginning, White onlyRead MoreClimate Change Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesClimate Change Essay Bethany Jarvis Student ID No. 9543376 Submitted as an assignment in SSK13 Learning Communication Behaviour Due Date: 15th April 2012 Tutor: Dr Geoffrey Hon Class: Wednesday 9pm - 10pm Word Count: 1,137 Climate Change Essay ‘Is climate change the new apocalypse? Are Western Nations too influenced by capitalism to effectively deal with the problem?’ Climate change is a rising issue of importanceRead MoreEssay on Economy vs. Environment1243 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica, led to the new age of consumerism, which redefined freedom during the late nineteenth century. If one did not have the economic status to consume, one was not free. Societies new ambition for ‘stuff’ further encouraged the industrialization of the world. Not only were massive manufacturing plants beginning to litter the globe, but also a new mode of transportation was available for the â€Å"average American†, Henry Ford’s automobile. Ford is not to blame for the new age of production and consumerism;Read MoreEffects Of Drought And Advancing Desertification Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesOf Morocco’s 446,550  square kilometers, around 18% of the land is arable which is widely used for agriculture because of the fertile soil. The climate of Morocco is subtropical and moderate, despite interior parts of the country having harsh dessert climate with variable extremes in temperature. Natural resources in Morocco include phosphate, barite, cobalt, fluorspar and lead. Due to the country’s fertile land, agricultural products also play a key role in the economy. This includes tomatoes, mandarins/clementines/tangerinesRead MoreThe Climate Crisis And Its Effects On The Environment1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe climate crisis is a defining struggle of our age bringing political, economic, religious, and environmental tensions and conflicts to surface. At this moment in history a great transitional worldview needs to take place, but is depressingly out of reach, and humankind seems woefully unprepared/interested to confront monumental challenges and change. The climate change crisis directly affects planetary boundaries, ecological cycles, and limitations on a domestic and international level. It isRead MoreThe Labor Relations Act Of The Senate1630 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Today’s economic climate has lost and shed more jobs than ever. Organizations need unions to survive and a process to keep them. Under the present conditions, unions need to embrace revolutionary change. They need to experiment with innovative models and build on existing ones that have already proven their value that works for workers, business, and overall society. Today’s Economic Climate with organizations that unions no longer survive in In the fall of 1934 SenatorRead MoreA Theoretical Review Of Global Stratification913 Words   |  4 Pagesaffect one’s chance of surviving to the age of five or sixty-five, living in life-threatening poverty, working for family income as a child, or being a slave. Global stratification is significant to society because it is the reason behind widespread poverty and extremely uneven spread of wealth throughout the world. The gap between the rich and the poor of the world continues to widen (Macionis 280-292). In November and December 2015, a United Nations climate convention was held in Paris. Global stratificationRead MoreEssay On Extreme Temperature764 Words   |  4 Pagesdependency is statistically important, and thus should not be ignored in the modelling hierarchy, which is often not the case in the literature as we mentioned in Section 1. The spatio-temporal model-based results showed that in addition to the socio-economic and employability factors, the extreme climatic conditions play a role in population flow, in particular in agriculture driven areas. Furthermore, the long-term lagged effects of the extreme temperature (e.g., average number of days exceeds the 99thRead MoreMain Issues That Affect The Quality Of Access Education1688 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper discusses five main issues that affect the quality of and access to education in developing countries, namely; economic barriers, conflict barriers, climate change barriers, gender barriers, and language barriers. Definitions of ‘education’ such as â€Å"the acquisition of the art of the utilisation of knowledge† (Whitehead, 1966), or â€Å"making available to each generation the organised knowledge of the past† (Good, 1959, p191), or â€Å"the means whereby one generation transmits the wisdom, knowledgeRead MoreThe Legal Found ation For Humanitarian Intervention Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesCrime of Genocide: genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they (contracted members) undertake to prevent and to punish (U.N, 1948). Samantha Power in A problem from hell: America and the age of genocide highlights the calamitous intervention in Rwanda by United Nations, thoroughly bringing to light many shortcomings in current understandings and definitions of humanitarian intervention (Power, 2002). As it stands now, the concept of Humanitarian

An Afternoon in the 1950s Essay - 712 Words

The United States in the 1950’s was booming; a booming economy, booming suburbs, and even the infamous â€Å"baby boom† all of which came after the end of World War II. However, the 1950’s was also a time of civil rights movements where African American people were speaking up and protesting for their rights, yet life for the them was still not easy. The Younger family, the main characters of the play, end up facing their own share of racism living in the Chicago slums. I remember arriving at the theater a few minutes late and slipping into my seat around 2:05pm, however thankfully the stage was still dark. I wasn’t too far away from the stage, maybe 5 or 6 rows back, which was definitely helpful, as I could see everything on the stage at an up†¦show more content†¦The acting in this scene was especially phenomenal, and for me it was one of the most moving scenes in the play. The play continued and after about Act Two, there was a little 15 minute intermission where people could stretch or get up to use the bathroom. I remember just sitting back and thinking â€Å"wow†. The play wasn’t even over, yet I had already been captivated by everything going on in the play. It was weird to me because I had never been to a play before, much less a theatre, so seeing real acting, scene changes, and so on, happen right in front me was all so new and so surreal. It’s odd because I’ve watched a lot of television and mo vies, but never have I actually been to a play where it was all happening there before my eyes and not just behind a screen. I kind of just sat there for those 15 minutes just looking around and taking the whole the place in: the lights, the stage, the props, the people, and for me the play was like watching a movie but actually being there, and that’s something I never will forget. After the 15 minute break, the stage lights came on and the play resumed. The scene starts off where a member from the Clybourne Park Improvement Association, a man by the name of Mr. Lindner, offers the Younger’s money in return for them not to move into Clybourne Park. He says that the members feel like an African American family moving in would cause an uncomfortable situation for theShow MoreRelatedAlbee a Zoo Story---hypocrisy in Amercian Society Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe Zoo Story It was your typical Sunday afternoon in Central Park. A slightly plump man is vegetating on a considerably cracked park bench, filling his head with commercial literature, as he did every Sunday afternoon. Peter is just your average hard-working, middle class citizen. He supported an archetypal family---two kids, his wife, and an anthology of many pets. Peter was content with his life; his complaints were few. However, he had no idea that his whole life would be altered byRead MoreRay Bradbury s The Veldt1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1950s is when technology started its raise to power, making its way into our homes. Now a day, something new and improved comes out in the tech market. Post World War II writer, Ray Bradbury creates the worlds of â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains† and â€Å"The Veldt†, in which he shows the idea of technology having so much power can be unsettling. In â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains† one house remains after a nuclear holocaust , and it tries to maintain itself, but inevitably is destroyed. â€Å"The Veldt† takesRead MoreAnalysis Of 12 Angry Men By Reginald Rose731 Words   |  3 PagesGood Morning/ Afternoon teachers of the English Department. I am very thankful for you to invite me to talk to you today. As a student, we don t look forward to assignments based on boring novels or books that just don t captivate our attention. But the book by Reginald Rose, ’12 Angry Men’, on the other hand, is a story that fascinates and compels us. As well as being an entertaining book it is also an informative book. It goes through the legal system, the role of jurors, what to expect to comeRead MoreThe Beginning Of Rock Music1088 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Little† Richard Wayne Penniman, one of the first rock musicians, once said, The blues had an illegitimate baby and we named it rock n roll. Rock and Roll initially began setting its roots around 1950, with a strong connection to aud iences who were under an oppressing thumb at the time. If African American music is unique, it is largely due to the foundation of blues, a form of music that emerged in the early 20th century. Establishing the sounds of African American culture, these styles inspiredRead MoreJohn Howards Men Like That Book Review Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pagesas well as men who â€Å"like† that and engage in homosexual activity but do not consider themselves gay. Howard aims for a more accurate accounting of homosexual desire in Mississippi during the postwar years after World War II and through the mid 1980’s and does not want to â€Å"†¦simply†¦recuperate past figures previously lost to history, but also to reassess sexual and gender meanings, practices, and regulations across time and place† (p.xviii). Howard believes that in categorizing sexual identity or â€Å"genderRead MoreMarriage And Family Play Essential Roles1567 Words   |  7 Pagesconvincible some are not. In â€Å"What We Really Miss About the 1950s†, Coontz explained why people have nostalgia for 1950s however not really want to go back. In â€Å"From Marriage Market: How Inequality is Remaking the American Family†, Cahn and Carbone how women in nowadays are more free than those in old days. Present years in facts are not better times for children to grow up in because of lackness of standards, rampant and materialism. In 1950s, there were rules to be followed. Men should make livingRead MoreThe Cultural Progression Of Latin America Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesunlike French colonized countries. After the colonization period, Latin America spent its time conserving Spanish culture. The Iberian Peninsula culture did not have the same opening into the modernity that France had. It wasn’t until the 1880’s through the 1910’s that ‘modernismo’, an anti-nationalist literary movement, arose within Latin America itself, making it a homegrown movement. Modernismo was the rejuvenation of the Spanish language and its literature. Modernismo’s literature boom allowed forRead MoreCultural Development Of Ancient China1722 Words   |  7 Pageswould be utterly offensive to women (Food Timeline). After the First and Second World Wars, the demand for tea decreased and the new trend was for cocktails (Food Timeline). The 1950’s brought with it fast food, and coffee bars making tea gradually go out of style, however, the British continued to drink tea. In the 1980’s there was a new surge of interest in tea and the British tea-shop, tea-room, and tea-lounge were revived (Food Timeline). North America Because America was colonized by EuropeanRead MoreEssay on Causes of the Korean War1053 Words   |  5 Pagespeninsula. Not quite two years later, after the insurgency showed signs of failing, the northern government undertook a direct attack, sending the North Korea Peoples Army south across the 38th parallel before daylight on Sunday, June 25, 1950. The invasion, in a narrow sense, marked the beginning of a civil war between peoples of a divided country. In a larger sense, the cold war between the Great Power blocs had erupted in open hostilities. The western bloc, especially the UnitedRead MoreShirley Jefferson s Scenes From A Life Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pagesit is the upper, middle, or lower class. Jefferson gives numerous incidents from her childhood that deals with how people perceive them based on that they were African Americans thriving in life, especially during a time of racial tensions in the 1950’s. The essay also provides examples when they, in turn, looks at others in her life based on their social status and race. Based on her experiences, the way people see and define who someone is in society is affected by that particular person’s race

Othello Vs Twelfth Night Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Othello Vs. Twelfth Night Essay, Research Paper She loved me for the dangers I had base on balls # 8217 ; vitamin D, and I loved her that she did feel for them ( Othello, I. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Vs Twelfth Night Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page iii 166-167 ) . William Shakespeare s calamity Othello, is pervaded by a dominant subject, one of love. Othello, the Moor of Venice falls frantically in love with a adult female named Desdemona. They marry and are really happy together. Othello and Desdemona face many tests during the class of their nine-month matrimony. The most noteworthy one occurs when Barbanzio, Desdemona s male parent accuses Othello of acquiring his girl with witchery. During a tribunal hearing, Desdemona confesses her love for Othello and Barbanzio is forced to allow her travel. I am so far your girl: but here # 8217 ; s my hubby, and so much responsibility as my female parent show # 8217 ; vitamin D to you, preferring you before her male parent, so much I challenge that I may profess due to the Moor my Godhead ( Othello, I.iii 184-188 ) As the class of events displacement, Othello and Desdemona end up in Cyprus together. Iago, ensign to Othello, in his lecherousness for power, fast ones Othello into believing that Desdemona has had an matter. Othello is overcome by green-eyed monster, the green eyed monster. O, beware, my Godhead, of green-eyed monster ; it is the jealous monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on ( Othello, III.iii 169-171 ) In his fury, Othello charges Iago with the violent death of Cassio, his lieutenant who purportedly slept with his married woman. Othello so plans to kill Desdemona. Even during the class of the violent death, Othello maintains his love for Desdemona ( although this might look a contradiction. ) He refuses to sully her organic structure in any manner. Yet I # 8217 ; ll non shed her blood ; nor cicatrix that whiter tegument of hers than snow, and smooth as monumental alabaster. ( Othello, V.ii 3-5 ) He so proceeds to choke or surround her to decease. The subject of love in Othello changed from puppy love, the lighter side of love, to jealousy, the darkest side of love. In blunt contrast to the dark and tragic Othello, is one of Shakespeare s lightest and funniest comedies, Twelfth Night. The subject of love is presented in a extremely amusing mode. Shakespeare, nevertheless, one time once more proves himself a maestro by interweaving serious elements into humourous state of affairss. # 8220 ; Twelfth Night # 8221 ; consists of many love trigons, nevertheless many of the characters who are tangled up in the web of love are blind to see that their emotions and feelings toward other characters are untrue. They are being deceived by themselves and/or the others around them. There are certain cases in the drama where the emotion of love is true, and the two people involved experience really strongly toward one another. Orsino, the duke of Illyria, is in love with Olivia. Olivia, nevertheless, decreed that due to her brothers decease, she will non see a adult male for seven old ages. This does nil to deter Orsino. In fact, it encourages him. Orsino was more in love with the thought of love, than he was in love with Olivia. Viola # 8217 ; s, one of a shipwreck s subsisters love for Orsino is a great illustration of true love. Although she is feigning to be a adult male and is virtually unknown in Illyria, she hopes to win the Duke # 8217 ; s bosom. Viola finally allow # 8217 ; s out her true feelings for Orsino. # 8220 ; Yet a barful discord! Whoe # 8217 ; er I woo, myself would be his married woman ( Twelfth Night, I.iv 41-42 ) . # 8221 ; That statement becomes true when Viola reveals her true individuality. Viola and Orsino were close friends, and doing the switch to conserve and married woman was easy. Viola was caught up in another true love scenario, merely this clip she was on the having terminal, and things didn # 8217 ; t work out every bit good. During her efforts to tribunal Olivia for Orsino, Olivia grew to love Cesario who was in fact Viola sitting as a male child. Viola was now caught in a awful state of affairs and there was merely one manner out, but that would endanger her opportu nities with Orsino. In scenes where feelings are intense, such as Olivia declaration of love for Cesario, Shakespeare balances this earnestness and lightens the ambiance with riming pairs. I love thee so, that, maugre all thy pride, nor wit nor ground can my passion fell. ( Twelfth Night, III.i 142-143. ) The hurting Olivia is evidently feeling balances the dry high comedy. In the terminal, everything works out and Orsino marries Viola. Throughout his plants, Shakespeare portrays love in many ways. The dark love of Othello ends in decease and calamity, and the light love of Twelfth Night ends in laughter and conviviality. No 1 portraiture is right. By picturing love so otherwise, Shakespeare is demoing us that the truth lies someplace in the center.

Sidney Lumet and His Concerns

Each person who creates a piece of art has certain concerns that are usually presented with the help of interesting and thought-provoking themes, strong charismatic characters, and an appealing and attention-grabbing story. In this respect, it is necessary to analyze the movies created by an outstanding director Sydney Lumet who managed to provoke thoughts in his audience teaching them abut the life values and essential principles that should be followed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sidney Lumet and His Concerns specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A Stranger Among Us (1992) A Stranger Among Us (1992) starring Melanie Griffith who played a role of Emily, a detective undercover, is the first movie that should be assessed in terms of theme, characters, and story. Emily lives in the family of rebbe and investigates a case of robbery committed by a step-daughter of rebbe who knew nothing about her past life. This sto ry is full of spirituality and seriousness because the main character is depicted as an independent and emancipated woman who thinks that her life is her own business and she is the only person who can decide for her. This idea is suggested as a contrast to the fact that an arranged marriage will take place between the rebbe’s son and a girl he never saw before. In this respect, we can clearly see the relationships between American culture where women can do whatever they want and a highly spiritual Hasidic culture in accordance to which people can get married without knowing each other well enough. So, the investigation intertwines closely to the spiritual development of Emily as the main character and gaining of understanding about other people and motives behind their actions. One of the most powerful scenes is the one that took place in the store where Ariel (the rebbe’s son) cuts diamonds; two gangsters came to the place and demanded a sum of money given to them m onthly for their services of protecting the store from all problems and concerns. This scene ended ambiguously as Emily saw the actions of gangsters but did nothing to prevent them from doing so; it is clear that she worked undercover though she could inform her colleagues about that gang. Moreover, neither Ariel nor his sister made efforts to prevent those criminals from extorting money from them.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The story told in the movie A Stranger Among Us (1992) is similar to all stories used by Sydney Lumet where the director manages to introduce characters who by all means choose the side of observing the laws or the side of illegal actions. In this respect, the character of Melanie Griffith represents the positions believed by Lumet as she chooses the side of legal actions and protects the right of others to be in safe. Though some characters really choos e the side of good guys, other are definitely bad and the director does not show changes in characters in terms of their life way. However, he manages to show that the main character develops spiritually and recognizes her behavior as inappropriate for the Hasidic community. Family Business (1989) The second movie that should be discussed I terms of themes, characters, and story is the Family Business (1989) starring such celebrated actors as Sean Connery, Dustin Hoffman, and Matthew Broderick. Thus, we can see Sean Connery as the grandfather, Dustin Hoffman as his son while Matthew Broderick plays the role of son of Dustin Hoffman’s character. Relationships between the members of one family that were ruined due to the desire of one of them to change his destiny and live a good life without criminal matters can be considered the major theme of the movie. As the crimes were associated by Dustin Hoffman’s character with his father played by Sean Connery, he decided to pr otect his own son from the influence of criminal principles advocated by his own father. In this respect, the director managed to show the true family relations in the background of criminal activity exercised by all three men. This story shows that men cannot change though every person should remember about his/her relatives and strive to keep in contact with them regardless of the conflicts and misunderstandings that could have happened in the past. All three main characters are shown as similar in one way and absolutely different in another. Thus, the grandfather has a ‘career of criminal’ as he likes what he does and is not going to give it up. At the same time, his son is sure about the rightness of his decision to keep his own son farther from his grandfather whereas the mystery is revealed and the boy demonstrate interest and enthusiasm about performing some robbery together with his grandfather. It is clear that the relations between these people become better o nly when all three are operating together. This story also shows that the power of habits can make a person commit crimes again and again.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sidney Lumet and His Concerns specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sydney Lumet does not introduce anything new but approach for showing of basic principles of life. Talent of actors and the director enable them to create something outstanding whereas the story for this movie can be traced in a great number of families all over the world. Generation gap and attempts to do quite the opposite what a father has done can separate people for the whole life. In this respect, the audience likes movies directed by Lumet because of the ideas and principles advocated by the director who manages to convey his message with the help of the story and characters. The Family Business (1989) directed by Sydney Lumet can be considered one of the feature films that p rovoke thoughts about relations with other members of the family and importance of keeping connections. The themes and characters used by Sydney Lumet contribute greatly to the stories chosen for a screen version. The director feels the audience and chooses the themes that can evoke certain emotions in people and make them rethink their life positions and beliefs. The positions believed by Lumet find their reflection in the characters of his movies; this can be found in every movie because he manages to make every character distinctive and unique. Though he can repeat what he said earlier, all words pronounced by characters are filled with specific meaning which is wise and thought-out. These two movies A Stranger Among Us (1992) starring Melanie Griffith and Family Business (1989) starring Sean Connery, Dustin Hoffman, and Matthew Broderick can be compared to The Hill (1965) starring Sean Connery where the story reveals the actions that took place in a detention camp. The similar t hing in these stories is that they have strong characters who know what they want from life and are sure what side to support. This essay on Sidney Lumet and His Concerns was written and submitted by user Roy Knox to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Management Information Systems

Management Information Systems Abstract This study examines the effects of rapid changes in information technology in decision-making. The rapid changes in technology have led to changes the way managers make decisions. Managers tend to change their policies and decision-making processes depending on the most current technology.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on Management Information Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the rapid changes in technology are extremely to the extent that managerial decision making has been affected severely. This study will be conducted to see how managers have adapted to rapid changes in information technology. Background Adoption of Information technology support decisions making process at different levels of the organizational. Managers make structured decisions (Ayadi 56). These decisions are usually dependent on the information technology adopted. Studies have shown that manager decision-making proc ess is structured according to the technology they are hoping to adopt. However, with the rapid changes in the technology the process of structuring the decision making process has become difficult. Managers find the task of incorporating the concept of rapid changes into the process of decision making difficult. Managers believe that the cost of adopting new technology is escalating with growth in the IT industry (Miles 45). Managers have the duty of adopting new technology in an entity. However, technology is changing at a faster rate than most elements that affect managerial decision-making. Most managers, in the current world, are of the opinion that rapid changes in technology are affecting the process of decision-making (Ayadi 122). This has led to managers developing different attitudes and perceptions towards the rate of technological changes. Various managers argue that with the rapid changes in IT, the new technology adopted by an entity becomes outdated before it has been implemented fully. A good example of such a case was the advance in Microsoft operating system between 2006 and 2010. Many entities upgraded their computers from lower operating systems like XP to windows 7 operating system. However, before the Windows 7 was fully implemented, Microsoft upgraded their operating system software. They came up with Windows 8 that was more advanced than Windows 7 (Jones 256). These rapid changes in technology are making managers more cautious while adopting new technology. Decision-making is a critical tool in determining the competence of a manager.Advertising Looking for thesis on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers therefore have to be careful while making decisions on information technology since such decisions may determine how competent a manager is. Managers have adopted the use of models to assist them in the processes of decision-making (Jones 320). Ra pid technological changes have also led to development of new policies and procedures. Managers have been forced to learn a new code of conduct that is compatible with the new technology. Advances in technology have led to overlaps in policies. Changes in technology have also lead to scrapping off redundant policies. New policies have been introduction of new to cater for the rapid changes in technology. In the process of adopting new policies and adopting new ones, policies may overlap. Sometimes a policy vacuum is created thus making it difficult for manager to make crucial decisions on certain matters. In such cases, managers tend to use old policies that may be irrelevant in current decision-making process (Miles 119). Problem Statement Technology is changing at a rapid rate. With every new dawn, there is always new technology. It has become a difficult task for managers to keep up with the technological changes in their organizations. Due to the rapid changes in technology, man agers are finding it difficult to choose the most appropriate piece of technology that would suit their function. Adopting relevant technology is becoming harder and harder for managers. Therefore, different managers tend to have different attitudes and perceptions regarding changes technology. These attitudes and perceptions affect managers’ decision making processes. Moreover, managers’ view on adopting new technology is changing. This has been attributed to the rising costs of keeping up with the rapid technological changes. Institutions in the current world adopt technology that is deemed relevant. Managers have shifted their decision-making stance in cases that involve technology. Instead of adopting newest technology, they only adopt relevant technology. This enables them to cut their costs and maintain the company’s profitability in the process. Objectives of the Study The main objective of this project is to determine whether there are significant effect s on rapid changes in technology in decision-making process. The specific objectives includeAdvertising We will write a custom thesis sample on Management Information Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analyzing decision-making models that have been formulated with emergence of information technology. Determine the challenges facing managers in adopting new technology Propose areas requiring further research to fix the problem associated with new technology. Research Questions How does the rapid growth in technology affect decision-making? Have managers formulated models to assist in tackling this problem? What are the challenges facing managers when adopting new technology? Which area in decision making in regards to information technology require further studies? Limitations of the Study This study is to be conducted within a limited period of time that is insufficient to establish the full extent of the effects of rapid technology advances on the process of decision-making. Financial constraints also prevent study to be conducted effectively and efficiently especially the interviews that are to be conducted to managers of large-scale organizations who utilize management information systems as part of their management techniques. It will thus be difficult to determine the influence of management information systems across large range managers to determine how each manager is affected by the decisions made. Ayadi, Ingvar. Organizational Management in Modern Times. Tunis: Mashall publishers, 2009. Print Jones, Mitchel. The 21st Century Economy. London: Sage, 2005. Print Miles, Peters. Planning and Decision Making. Boston: Yale Publishers, 2002. Print

Tallest Buildings in the World

Tallest Buildings in the World Since its completion in January 2010, the tallest building in the world has been the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. However, the building called Kingdom Tower, being built in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is expected to be completed in 2019 and would move Burj Khalifa to the second place spot. Kingdom Tower is expected to be the worlds first building that is taller than a kilometer (1000 meters or 3281 feet).   The Changing Sky-Scape Currently proposed as the worlds second tallest building is Sky City in Changsha, China to be built by 2015. Additionally,  One World Trade Center in New York City is also nearly complete and will be the worlds third tallest building when it opens sometime in 2014. Thus, this list is extremely dynamic and by 2020, the worlds current third  tallest building, Taipei 101, is expected to be around the 20th tallest building in the world due to numerous tall buildings being proposed or constructed in China, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia.   The Top 20 Tallest Buildings 1. Worlds Tallest Building: Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Completed in January 2010 with 160 stories which reach 2,716 feet (828 meters) high! The Burj Khalifa is also the tallest building in the Middle East. 2.  Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel in Mecca, Saudi Arabia with 120 floors and 1972 feet tall (601 meters), this new hotel building opened in 2012. 3. Asias Tallest Building: Taipei 101 in Taipei, Taiwan. Completed in 2004 with 101 stories and a height of 1667 feet (508 meters). 4. Chinas Tallest Building: Shanghai World Financial Center in Shanghai, China. Completed in 2008 with 101 stories and a height of 1614 feet (492 meters). 5. International Commerce Centre in Hong Kong, China. The International Commerce Centre was completed in 2010 with 108 stories and a height of 1588 feet (484 meters). 6 and 7  (tie). Formerly the worlds tallest buildings and known for their distinctive appearance, the Petronas Tower 1 and Petronas Tower 2 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia have gradually been moved down the list of the worlds tallest buildings. The Pertonas Towers were completed in 1998 with 88 stories and are each 1483 feet (452 meters) tall. 8. Completed in 2010 in Nanjing, China, the Zifeng Tower is 1476 feet (450 meters) with a mere 66 floors of hotel and office space. 9. Tallest Building in North America: Willis Tower (formerly known as the Sears Tower) in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Completed in 1974 with 110 stories and 1451 feet (442 meters). 10. The KK 100 or  Kingkey Finance Tower in Shenzhen, China was completed in 2011 and has 100 floors and is 1449 feet (442 meters). 11. The Guangzhou International Finance Center in Guangzhou, China was completed in 2010 with 103 stories at a height of 1439 feet (439 meters). 12. The Trump International Hotel Tower in Chicago, Illinois, United States is the second tallest building in the United States and, like the Willis Tower, is also located in Chicago. This Trump property was completed in 2009 with 98 stories and at a height of 1389 feet (423 meters). 13. Jin Mao Building in Shanghai, China. Completed in 1999 with 88 stories and 1380 feet (421 meters). 14. The Princess Tower in Dubai is the second tallest building in Dubai and in the United Arab Emirates.  It was completed in 2012 and stands 1356 feet (413.4 meters) with 101 stories. 15. Al Hamra Firdous Tower is an office building in Kuwait City, Kuwait was completed in 2011 at a height of 1354 feet (413 meters) and 77 floors. 16. Two International Finance Centre in Hong Kong, China. Completed in 2003 with 88 stories and 1352 feet (412 meters). 17. Dubais third tallest building is 23 Marina, a residential tower of 90 floors at 1289 feet (392.8 meters). It opened in 2012. 18. CITIC Plaza in Guangzhou, China. Completed in 1996 with 80 stories and 1280 feet (390 meters). 19. Shun Hing Square in Shenzhen, China. Completed in 1996 with 69 stories and 1260 feet (384 meters). 20. Empire State Building in New York, New York state, United States. Completed in 1931 with 102 stories and 1250 feet (381 meters). Source Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

New Venture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

New Venture - Assignment Example Once the market is there everything can be steamrolled to make the plan work. It would be better if she could conduct market segmentation so as to narrow down her target market to a small niche of consumers who she can supply adequately and profitably, and then slowly expand her clientele. The three points form the first assumption, which is that there is an opportunity which the entrepreneur (Olivia) can take advantage of. There are already plenty of coffee houses in Frankfurt, but Olivia’s decision to focus on flavored gourmet coffee is both strategic and realistic. Does Olivia understand the coffee industry/business well? Does she have a good understanding of the coffee industry in Brazil and that of Frankfurt in particular? These are very important questions because although she may have the capital and the market, the coffee business requires hands-on management and skills. It is not enough to just assemble the materials/resources required for the business. For instance, Olivia needs to understand that just like other industries the coffee retail industry has trends (Langen, 2013). Whether she like it or not those trends will affect her business; this is through aspects like climate changes, demand, market volatility, competition, hoarding, production/supply, and government policies (taxation and regulation). Olivia must have or develop an understanding of these issues because they will have a huge impact (positive or negative, depending on how she addresses them) on the success of her business. As such, we make two assumptions here. One is that she understands how the coffee retail industry works and the dynamics involved. Two is that if she does not understand how it works, she knows people who will support her until she does, and she is willing to learn. It has been mentioned that DC would ship to Olivia on receipt of payment for each order. This comes with its

Some important innovative practices in recruitment Essay

Some important innovative practices in recruitment - Essay Example According to the research findings the hiring scenario has gone through dramatic changes in the past decade with organizations, consequent increasing talent crunch. The use of internet is an innovative approach in this hiring scenario. While sources such as campus recruiting, head hunters, and lot of executive search processes plays their own role, organizations develop strong internet recruiting capabilities to enable recruitment processes efficiently. â€Å"There is no doubt that the use of the Internet and social networking sites to recruit candidates and screen applicants is on the rise†. Internet Helps in Three Areas of the Recruitment Process: †¢ Identifying large number of candidates which is not possible through other sources †¢ Screening process automation †¢ Advertisement to potential targets Internet provides considerable appeal to college graduates, young talents, workers and executives. The acceleration resumes capture, and processing are done by the web, and it helps to remove most of the steps in the old processes. It also gives faster information review and standardized applicant data, and ultimately provides productivity and effectiveness. The trend however is towards reaping the benefits of online social networking. To this trend, there are websites like Linkedlin, and job portals such as www.naukari.com. Technology based training method is one of the best practices used to train staff, which include computer based training, electronic performance support system, distance and internet based training and audiovisual based training. â€Å"The growing adoption of technology based training in organizations has been fueled largely by the potential practical benefits offered by these systems† (Bell & Kozlowski 31). Computer based training usually involves teaching the trainees to do the job using a system, computerized simulations and multimedia including videotapes. The computer screen shows the applicants employment application and information of the job. In other training methods the trainees have to go or manage time for training, but in this case trainee can do it at their own pace. â€Å"Within a self-paced instructional program, an employee may review specific topics on which he/she needs clarification† (Chappell). People normally cannot recollect all the things they learnt, and it is the same in the case of training too, so computer based support systems provide the employee with the knowledge and information about the organization regarding systems, workprocesses, culture etc. Electronic perf ormance supportive systems can be referred to as a job aiding mechanism these days. It is a set of displays and computerized tools that executes training, phone support, documentation, and integrates all applications, which are faster, cheaper and more effective than any other traditional methods. Now firms are using various methods of distance learning tools for training, which includes teletraining, video conferencing, and internet based classes. The benefits in tele training are that the trainer in a central location can teaches groups of employees in a remote area. If the employees are geographically separated they use videoconferencing. Some organizations facilitate internal intranet training to their employees, or they can take online training

Planning Assessment Essay Example for Free

Planning Assessment Essay When planning assessment you need to gauge a clear idea of what level the candidate is at to see if they are ready to complete your planned assessment. There are many ways of achieving this knowledge. One method is observation in performance or another by taking an initial assessment test which have seven levels with the basic entry level 1 being the first. Once this knowledge has been gained, further knowledge is needed to suit their needs. What is their preferred learning style, is it part of a group or on a one to one basis. You will need to find out their strengths and weaknesses to get the most out of their abilities but also to work around and improve on different area that need to be worked on. When this has all been achieved the learners will need to be given information about the planned assessment. First of all they will need to have an understanding of what they are about to study, explaining what they need to do to meet the criteria set by OFQUAL – the governing body of the qualifications. They will need to understand what is expected of them when attending the course by giving them the code of conduct for them to follow. It is important that the health and safety procedures are explained to ensure their safety throughout their assessment. After this has been completed, the learners will be given the folder to look through and their assessment plan to see how they will complete it. 3. 3 EXPLAIN HOW TO PLAN A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT By taking a holistic approach to assessment, it can provide the learner with a more in depth report on their progress by covering all the different methods – observations, session plans, witness testimonies, knowledge evidence and professional discussion across all the units in one go. This allows me to understand the different kind of approaches each individual learner feels comfortable with to achieve the highest possible grade. 3. 5 EXPLAIN HOW TO MINIMIZE RISKS THROUGH THE PLANNING PROCESS It is the responsibility of the assessor to minimise the risks by making sure all of the health and safety procedures are covered such as risk assessment of the facilities. The assessor needs to gather information that is personal from the learner in order to adapt and provide special needs that they might have. Also the assessor will need to treat all learners equally, ensuring that equality and diversity issue are met. Once this information has been gained, the assessor can then produce an action plan for the learner which is both realistic and achievable so they are comfortable to achieve the best possible results. 4. 1 EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF INVOLVING THE LEARNER AND OTHERS IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS Peer and Self Assessment is an effective way to get the learners involved and it gives a clear idea of what the learner is currently at and what action is needed to meet the standards and criteria. This can be done through feedback. Feedback is a vital part of the assessment process as it gives the assessor an idea of if the learner has met the criteria set and if they haven’t, what action is needed to achieve the criteria. If there is a disagreement with the assessments carried out then the learners can follow the organisational procedures that are set in place which include grievance procedures, systems for appeals and confidentiality procedures. 4. 2 SUMMARISE TYPES OF INFORMATION THAT SHOULD BE MADE AVAILABLE TO LEARNERS AND OTHERS INVOLVED IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS. The first thing that should be made available to the learners and those involved in the assessment process is what the reason is for assessment. The NVQ award is structured for a candidate to provide evidence through practical assignments and portfolio evidence that is gained throughout the qualification. They will also need to know how long they have to complete the course which is up to the assessor. By giving them information on deadlines then it will ensure tasks are not left until the last minute which could affect the standards of the work. One other type of information that they will need to know is what the criteria is for them to achieve the grade. Each qualification has a minimum requirement needed to be met and once they learner knows this, they can work towards meeting it and gaining the qualification. 4. 3 EXPLAIN HOW PEER AND SELF ASSESSMENT CAN BE USED EFFECTIVELY TO PROMOTE LEARNER INVOLVEMENT AND PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING Peer and Self-Assessment can be used effectively within the learners when one of the group has difficulty within a task. Learners can interact with each other and help each other out which would be a lot less intimidating and in some situations embarrassing for shy and insecure learners than an assessor telling them they are right or wrong in front of the rest of the group. 6. 3 SUMMARISE THE PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW WHEN THERE ARE DISPUTES CONCERNING ASSESSMENT IN OWN AREA OF PRACTICE If there are disputes concerning assessment in own area of practice then the procedures to follow are as follows: First of all the assessor has to be available to discuss the problem as it could be sorted out quickly and effectively through discussion. If the learner feels they want to take it further then they can take the steps to show their disagreement which will be listed in their ‘Student Handbook’ given to them at the beginning of the course. This includes a formal written complaint to the assessor’s superior which they will then deal with in an efficient and non-discriminatory way, treating the claim with upmost confidentiality where they will decided whether to uphold or overturn the assessor’s original decision. 7. 2 EXPLAIN HOW FEEDBACK AND QUESTIONING CONTRIBUTE TO THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS Feedback and Questioning can help learners improve on a specific task. Feedback provides correction and improvement on a piece of work. Not only can it correct or improve the work but it can be used as encouragement or motivation to a learner especially when they are doing well or think they are not doing well.

Africa Essay -- essays research papers

The combination of individual and national power and the need to find a safe route to the trade markets of the Indian Ocean led the Europeans to the continent of Africa in the late 1400’s. They would soon discover the abundance of its natural resources and in the next four centuries would systematically trigger the breakdown African societies. These acts would lead the Africans to be integrated into an exploited and racially dominated labor structures that would spread throughout the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It began with the exploration of the Portuguese in and around western Africa in the late 1400’s to gain access to the Akan goldfields of West Africa. Once they gained access to these fields it helped finance future exploration round the southern tip of Africa and reach the trade markets of the Indian Ocean. They purchased silk, spices, perfumes and other goods, return it to Europe and sold it for a profit. They built the fort of Elmina in West Africa to protect their interests from other European countries who were also seeking fortune in Africa. When they reached the eastern coast of Africa it was amazed by the wealth of the Swahili States comprised of Zanzibar, Kilwa, Mombassa and Sofala, they wanted to seize them. They first sailed into the important towns and demanded the rulers to become Portuguese subjects and pay them tributes. When the rulers refused the Portuguese would raid the towns until they gave into them. They built a fortress called fort Jes ... Africa Essay -- essays research papers The combination of individual and national power and the need to find a safe route to the trade markets of the Indian Ocean led the Europeans to the continent of Africa in the late 1400’s. They would soon discover the abundance of its natural resources and in the next four centuries would systematically trigger the breakdown African societies. These acts would lead the Africans to be integrated into an exploited and racially dominated labor structures that would spread throughout the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It began with the exploration of the Portuguese in and around western Africa in the late 1400’s to gain access to the Akan goldfields of West Africa. Once they gained access to these fields it helped finance future exploration round the southern tip of Africa and reach the trade markets of the Indian Ocean. They purchased silk, spices, perfumes and other goods, return it to Europe and sold it for a profit. They built the fort of Elmina in West Africa to protect their interests from other European countries who were also seeking fortune in Africa. When they reached the eastern coast of Africa it was amazed by the wealth of the Swahili States comprised of Zanzibar, Kilwa, Mombassa and Sofala, they wanted to seize them. They first sailed into the important towns and demanded the rulers to become Portuguese subjects and pay them tributes. When the rulers refused the Portuguese would raid the towns until they gave into them. They built a fortress called fort Jes ...

21st Century Education Essay

We want stronger relationships with their teachers, with each other and with their communities locally, provincially, nationally and globally We want teachers to know how we learn, to take into account what we understand and what we misunderstand and use this knowledge as a starting place to guide our continued learning. We want to be able to work with others in the classroom, online and in our community. We want to be able to pick up our information anywhere, anytime We want indepth learning. We need feedback in time to help us learn and in time do something about it. This literary masterpiece has the best description of the students/learners of the 21st century. They have so many conditions and aspirations with regards to their learning process. This will also help the teachers of the 21st century to be ready and bear with these conditions of the leaners. TREATING MY STUDENTS I treat each of my students equally, giving them a chance to take responsibility for their own learning, express themselves, and learn at their own pace. I also encourage them to do collaboratively that can promote not only teamwork, but also healthy competition. I believe my biggest innovation is giving students a chance to show their abilities and to work in collaboration in a technology-integrated and cultural learning environment. I will also consider their individual learning styles. The following are some tips that should be consider in treating our students in a nice and good way. Let students choose their rewards. Create a list of acceptable rewards for excellent performance, either for individual students or the class as a whole, and let your students communally decide how they want to be rewarded. This will help make sure that the reward is an actual incentive, rather than just something you’ve pushed on them that doesn’t motivate them to work harder. Don’t see failure, see opportunity. When a student has made a mistake, don’t portray it that way. Don’t see it as a failure and don’t let them see it as a failure. Show them that it is a learning experience, a way for them to see how incorrect results are achieved. Let them try again and gently show them how to do it correctly. Remember, don’t say â€Å"wrong†. Say â€Å"close† or â€Å"good try†. Remember that a skill learned through trial and error will be much stronger than one which a student may simply get right on accident or through m eans they don’t fully understand. Make them feel unique and needed. Acknowledge and appreciate each student individually, for the qualities which make them unique and wonderful human beings. Encourage those qualities. You should also make each student feel like they have something to offer and contribute. This will raise their confidence and help them to find their proper path in life. Recognize their efforts. Even if students make only occasional, small efforts, those efforts need to be acknowledged and appreciated. Tell them when they’ve done a good job, individually, and mean it. Don’t be patronizing, be appreciative. If they’ve worked particularly hard, reward them. Give respect. It is extremely important to respect your students. It doesn’t matter if they’re graduate students working on a doctoral thesis or kindergartners: treat them like intelligent, capable human beings. Respect that they have ideas, emotions, and lives that extend beyond your classroom. Treat them with dignity and they will extend the same t o you. TEACHING MY STUDENTS â€Å"One can’t believe impossible things.† â€Å"I daresay you haven’t had much practice,† said the Queen. â€Å"When I was your age I always did it for half-an-hour a day. Why, sometimes I’ve believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast.† Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Your Assignment, Should You Choose to Accept It . . . Like Alice, many educators, policy makers and even the general public respond resoundingly with â€Å"That’s impossible!† when challenged to adopt a new paradigm of education for the 21st century. Most people today adhere to a paradigm of education that is strictly 19th century. But, like the Queen, a growing number of educators are believing in and accomplishing â€Å"the impossible†. Scott McLeod, in his blog, Dangerously Irrelevant, recently reminded us of a line from Mission Impossible, and we must apply that challenge to all of society. â€Å"Your assignment, should you choose to accept it† is to take education truly into the 21st century. It is not enough to say that we are already living there. Technically it is the 21st century, but our schools are not there, and our challenge now is to reinvent schools for the 21st century – for the sake of our children, our students and the welfare of our world. Making such a paradigm shift is not easy. After all, when any of us thinks of education, we usually think of what we knew as school – the way it has always been. That is how parents, policy makers, politicians and many students think of school. But we have to make the paradigm shift to 21st century education. So what is 21st century education? It is bold. It breaks the mold. It is flexible, creative, challenging, and complex. It addresses a rapidly changing world filled with fantastic new problems as well as exciting new possibilities. Fortunately, there is a growing body of research supporting an increasing number of 21st century schools. We have living proof, inspiring examples to follow, in schools across the United States. These schools vary, but are united in the fundamentals of 21st century education – see Critical Attributes of 21st Century Education and Multiple Literacies for the 21st Century. Scott McLeod has issued the challenge of creating a plan to get us from â€Å"here† to â€Å"there†. I feel that its about time that someone address’s the issues that face many students in the 21st century. The 21st century is a great place; a dynamic place that is evolving to the point where no one can predict what the world will be like in the years to come. Technology drives our planet and everyday we are getting closer and closer to finding the solutions to many of life’s problems. Society itself is changing in the sense that there is no longer one road to success. The opportunities that are out there make it possible for the everyday individual to make a difference in his community with nothing more than the laptop in his book back and the diligence to make his dreams possible. The success of these individuals is largely due to the connectivity and will of the everyday man. The Internet is an open network where people share information that they feel would make life easier, information that would break down the walls that stand in our way. The issue being with all this information and students in the 21st century is that we are still living in the good old days. Our schools train us to pass but not to excel. Things like funding prevent schools from exploring fields that are revolutionizing our world. Our students are the ones who pay the price for living in a world that believes we can live in a world that ignores the changes being made. That in good time our students will learn to adapt to the changes and handle it all on their own. But that isn’t the case. We are fighting two battles that are constantly racing to the top: one that promotes the simple life and the other that promotes change. Both sides have their pros and both sides have their cons. But something needs to be done. We have to find a way to teach our students the fundamentals while preparing them for a world that is driven by technology. Purpose and collaboration is all it will take to provide our students with the direction needed to be successf ul in the 21st century. It’s hard to believe but experiences is key to teaching students in the 21st century. As adults we can understand what these students are going through. We know what it feels like to be a student at that age and the adversities they face. Therefore wouldn’t it make more sense to teach these students not to make the same mistakes we made as students. To teach them how to confront the challenges we once faced and what to do differently when that time comes. But in a world where money restricts what we are able to accomplish, it seems almost impossible to do this. Funding prevents the everyday school from promoting classes in fields that are revolutionizing our world. Funding stops our schools from having up to date materials. And funding is what will cripple the world we live in. An efficient solution must be found that eliminate the dollar sign that stands in the way of these schools, in the way of these students. Technology is one solution to this problem. The main purpose of technology is to invent something that provides a new or better way of doing something; something that is cost efficient and provides room for expansion. These are the tools we should be equipping our students with. It would provide them with the same education they are getting from the textbooks they are so used to. The books will continue to exist but will no longer be the only resource our students are exposed to. The logic behind teaching students with technology in the 21st century is that technology appeals more to students in a world driven by technology. The average student knows what a computer is, is part of a social network of some sort, and has used technology to help them do something in their everyday lives. It would thus make perfect sense to use what they use so much as a teaching tool. Technology isn’t just entertaining; it’s also educational. Hundreds of tutorials are out there and everyday new and better programs are being created. The people themselves who make these programs made them with the sole purpose of provide an easier, better way of doing something. They are inventors, engineers, and they’re also teachers. They’re people who saw a problem and found a solution. These are the type of people we should be motivating our students to be like. We should be teaching our student not to accept things the way they are but the way they should be. Purpose is another crucial element when it comes to teaching students in the 21st century. The tools being used will have no effect if there is no purpose behind their use. Teaching in the 21st century is thus a dynamic process. There isn’t a simple answer in terms of how to teach in the 21st century. It requires creativity and resourcefulness not found in the simple lifestyle we are teaching our students to live in. The purpose behind teaching in the 21st century would be to find easier, more dynamic ways of teaching students with higher goals and expectations. Motivating students to be the best they can be and showing them how to work towards that goal. That things such as money, fear, and doubts shouldn’t be the reason to do the minimum but should instead remind us that as a student in the 21st century you should be well rounded and resourceful; ready to take whatever life throws at you. As a student in the 21st century you have to remember that you do not stand alone; that collaboration is a key and very powerful element in this idea of teaching students in the 21st century with technology. As a driving force the possibilities are endless. The community aspect and project-based learning that comes with teaching in the 21st century is what will provide the huge turnout in students who excel not only in the classroom, but also in life. Collaboration is what makes this window of opportunity possible. It teaches students how to work together and provides them with real world experience. Collaboration helps a student see that the life isn’t all about survival of the fittest but establishing connections and using the connectivity available to produce results and motivate change. This is what makes teaching in the 21st century with technology different from through the simple life and the belief that passing is more important than excelling. Neither idea is perfect. At the end of the day it all comes down to the students. The information we provide and the influence we are able to make is what will ultimately decide what our students are able to accomplish. The use of technology and the implication of 21st century skills in a world driven by technology is what open windows of opportunities to students all across the globe. Students in the 21st century are well aware of the adversities they face; so aware that they would fear taking a chance and pursing fields where they might not measure up. Our schools push this idea forward instead of persuading students to pursue these illustrious careers. What students in the 21st century need is direction and change. We need real world experience that proves to that there is a way and that accepting things the way they are is accepting defeat. If you want to see the future of education, don’t watch children in the average classroom. Watch children play a video game. You’ll see them engaged, excited, interacting, and learning—even if it’s only about how to get to the next level of the game. Because of their immersion in this computerized world, children absorb information differently from their parents. Instead of following information passively from beginning to end—as people tend to do with television shows, newspapers, and books—children interact with the new technologies. Schools now have an opportunity to apply the information technologies that are so effective outside the classroom for educational purposes. Taking advantage of these new technologies will require profound changes in the roles of teachers, students, and schools. Instead of being the repository of knowledge, teachers will be guides who help students to navigate through electronically accessible information. They will use the new technologies to build networks with each other, with parents and students, with academic and industrial experts, and with other professionals. Turning opportunity into reality requires four important changes: Industry must develop educational devices from comparatively low-price game hardware and software, thereby dramatically lowering the costs of educational technology. Communities and government should include technological change when setting the agenda for systemic change in education. Software-makers must tie the content of their products to quality information and to the national education standards as they are implemented. Teachers must receive extensive training in how to use emerging information technologies. Computers will not solve all the problems of education; many difficult issues will remain. But the new information technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity to reexamine how we educate our children.

Fiction and Australian Identity Essay

The novel Cloudstreet, by Tim Winton resonates the idea of engaging readers through its focus on optimism despite hardship throughout the narrative. The text has the ability to be appreciated and understood through its textual integrity and realism, making it an inspirationally driven text for those engaged readers. A cultural perspective of the novel highlights how the characters in the novel overcome hardships and gain that sense of optimism, which is a true acknowledgment of the sentiment of the stereotypical â€Å"Australian† character. Winton’s focus on the overcoming of segregation in the novel, thoroughly emphasizes this notion of how after hardship, comes optimism, as once the family unites, there is this strong sense of optimism felt in the text. These ideas engage the reader to an extent of realisation that this text is one full of inspiration and encouragement, despite the hardship present at times. The cultural perspective of the novel incorporates the acknowledgment of the Australian identity, making the readers engage and relate with the various characters who posses similar traits. Sam Pickle’s lifestyle, focusing on vices and addiction, causes a great deal of hardship for himself and those around him. The influence gambling has on his life is shown in the quote, â€Å"He loved to gamble, for it was another way of finding water, a divination that sent his whole body sparking. † Comparing Sam’s gambling addiction to that of water allows for realisation of the importance of gambling in his life, as water is a necessity for life. This also creates a distinct connection between Sam and Fish, as Fish’s character thrives for water, bringing happiness and satisfaction to his life, as it is a â€Å"divination†. This creates the parallel that Sam may see gambling in this necessary way. It is known throughout the novel of the importance of water, and this quote portrays Sam’s view on gambling, thoroughly reflecting on its influence on his life. The hardships depicted in the novel are a realistic truth that creates textual integrity; recognizing the Australian identity, as a way to accept the hardships and move on with life, as Sam does throughout the novel. The significance of the inclusion of the Australian identity, is key in the characterization of the various characters, each bringing their own flaws and qualities to the narrative, giving it its engaging effect. The cultural perspective give the hardships faced in the novel a sense of realism, and relatability. Rose’s character is one that signifies the overcoming of these hardships, as she arguably faces the most significant adversities throughout her life. Rose’s private feelings regarding the impact of her parents’ vices is expressed in how, â€Å"There was too much shame, too much cowering under the neighbours’ eyes, too much agonizing embarrassment going to school with a black eye †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The repetition of â€Å"too much† evokes empathy for her circumstances as she is compelled to suffer not only neglect but physical abuse from her mother as well. The obvious physical pain, as well as her lowered moral shown throughout the novel, seem to entice the idea of the negativity hardship can have on ones life. It forces Rose to want to breakaway from her family ideas and values, and explore the world, looking for that sense of optimism. Her character proves the underlying attributes in the Australian identity; attributes that focus on pursuing happiness, to gain a greater perspective of life. The narrative allows for the idea of segregation to act as an aspect of the hardship faced by the characters. It distinguishes the differences between those who are separated, identifying their different lifestyles and values as factors, which has caused this disconnection. The segregation and major personality differences between the two families are highlighted in the quote, â€Å"Sometimes they squared off at one another like opposing platoons. † The metaphor of comparing the two sets of children to â€Å"platoon†, a word commonly used in war, parallels the separation caused by the war. This emphasizes a key aspect of the contextual features of the storyline, as the war has a major impact on the lives of the characters. This also exaggerates the level of separation between the two families, suggesting they have a war-like standing against each other, caused by different views and opinions. The notion of segregation between the families is an obvious cause of hardship, as the two families share so much, whilst being completely different. There is strong symbolism throughout Cloud Street that parallels this idea of segregation. The end of the novel signifies the overcoming of these symbols, in order to unite. The divided backyard is achieved through â€Å"old signs patched together,† symbolizing the patching together’ of lives after the previous hardships faced. The families of Cloudstreet are very different, one who works hard for their own benefit and the other strongly focused on taking life in its stride, letting luck decide life’s path. Winton tends to favour the Lamb families determination, as the constant reliance on luck is not always dependable, as it causes much disruption and conflict between members of the Pickle family. Representatives of the different families work collaboratively in removing both the physical and emotional barriers. â€Å"A square little woman unpegged and folded a tent another woman stepped forward, tottering a little. She crossed the long gash where yesterday there’d been a fence, and took a corner of the tent herself. † The families are literally brought together by the folding of the tent. Corner to corner, their lives are intertwined in a fashion that shows overcoming the hardships created by segregation, allowing for a united nature to be founded in Cloudstreet due to the determination of two family representatives overcoming mutual prejudices. Tim Winton’s novel Cloudstreet is inspirational in the sense that the realism that is created through the narrative, makes the text relatable and appreciated for different contexts. This enables for the reader to be engaged with the storyline, which acknowledges key features such as the Australian identity, and the overcoming of segregation.

Physical Violence Essays

Physical Violence Essays Physical Violence Essay Physical Violence Essay Physical violence is the intentional use of physical force with the potential for causing injury, harm, disability, or death, for example, hitting, shoving, biting, arm twisting, restraint, kicking, or use of a weapon. It also include strangling, slapping, burning, chocking and murder Physical violence is more visible than any other type of domestic violence and is the one mostly reported probably because it is easier to give evidence. It is perpetrated by fathers, mothers, husbands, wives, sons, daughters, in-laws and any other family member that is for one reason or the other dominating the family. Although husbands are notorious for battering their wives, cases of wives meting violent actions against their husbands have been reported. In fact such cases are believed to be more common than reported because many men shy away from reporting such cases first due to the fear of being loved at and secondly because of their superiority complex. This is possibly why some men disappear from their homes never to come back. Those who are brave enough seek divorce in order to liberate themselves from their battering wives. Whether originating from fathers, mothers, husbands, wives, sons, daughters or in-laws, the results are always far reaching as we shall see later in this work.

Mano and Other Words That Break Spanishs Gender Rule

Mano and Other Words That Break Spanish's Gender Rule Spanish nouns that end with -o are masculine, and ones that end with -a are feminine, right? Well, almost always. But there are exceptions to the  gender  rule, of which the two best-known are mano, the word for hand, which is feminine; and dà ­a, the word for day, which is masculine. So you can talk about la mano and las manos  and well as el dà ­a and los dà ­as. Key Takeaways Most Spanish nouns ending in -o are masculine, and most ending in -a are feminine, but there are exceptions.Some of the exceptions occur because of how the words were treated in other languages, such as Latin and Greek.Many nouns that refer to jobs or roles of people can be either masculine or feminine depending on the person they refer to. 6 Ways in Which the Rule Is Broken Exceptions fall into six  categories: Words that are shortened versions of other words. For example, la foto (photograph) is feminine because its short for la fotografà ­a.Words that end in -ista as the equivalent of the English -ist. For example, dentista can be either masculine or feminine depending on whether the dentist referred to is a man or woman. A few words with other endings are treated the same way. For example, modelo can be either masculine or feminine when referring to a human model, but masculine in other uses (such as when referring to a model airplane).Words whose meanings vary depending on the gender. For example, in some areas, la radio means radio, while el radio means radius or radium. Sometimes la radio is used to refer to the communications medium and el radio for a radio set.Some masculine words that come from Greek and end in -a (often -ma). Most of these words have English cognates.A few compound nouns, which are traditionally  masculine, even when the noun portion comes from a feminine noun. Words that are just exceptions, such as mano and dà ­a. Usually these exceptions come from the way the words were treated in Latin. Here is a list of the most common exceptions to the masculine o, feminine a rule: el aroma - aromael Canad - Canadael clima - climateel cà ³lera - cholera (but la cà ³lera, anger)el cometa - comet (but la cometa, kite)el cura - male priest (but la cura, cure)el dà ­a - dayel diagrama - diagramel dilema - dilemmael diploma - diplomala disco - disco (short for la discoteca)el drama - dramael enigma - enigmael esquema - outline, diagramla foto - photo (short for la fotografà ­a)el guardia - policeman or male guard (but la guardia, vigilance, policewoman or female guard)el guardabrisa - windshieldel guardarropa - clothing closetel guà ­a - male guide (but la guà ­a, guidebook or female guide)el idioma - languageel idiota - male idiot (but la idiota, female idiot)el indà ­gena - indigenous male (but la indà ­gena, indigenous female)la mano - handel maà ±ana - near future (but la maà ±ana, tomorrow or morning)el mapa - mapla modelo - female model (but el modelo, male model)el morfema - morphemela moto - motorcycle (short for la moto cicleta)la nao - shipel panorama - panorama, outlookel papa - pope (but la papa, potato) el planeta - planetel plasma - plasmael poema - poemel policà ­a - policeman (but la policà ­a, police force or policewoman)el problema - problemel programa - programel quechua - Quechua languagela radio - radio (short for la radiodifusià ³n; but el radio, radius or radium; usage of the feminine form depends on the region)la reo - female criminal (but el reo, male criminal)el reuma, el reà ºma - rheumatismel sà ­ntoma - symptom, signel sistema - systemel sof - sofala soprano - female soprano (but el soprano, male soprano)el tanga - G-stringel telegrama - telegramel tema - theme, subjectel teorema - theoremel tequila - tequila (short for el licor de Tequila)la testigo - female witness (but el testigo, male witness)el tranvà ­a - streetcar Gender for Names of Occupations and Other Roles Most words that refer to peoples jobs or roles, many ending in -ista or -eta, that can be either masculine or feminine are not listed above. Most have English cognates. Among the abundance of words that fit that category are el/la atleta (athlete), el/la artista (artist), el/la astronauta (astronaut), el/la dentista (dentist), el/la comentarista (commentator), el/la izquierdista (leftist or left-winger), el/la oficinista (office worker), el/la poeta (poet), el/la profeta (prophet), and el/la turista (tourist). Feminine NounsThat Use El Also not included in the list are combinations such as el agua (water) - feminine words that begin with a stressed a- or ha- and are preceded by el in the singular form only. Others are el guila (eagle), el ama (woman of the house), and el alma (soul). But note that the normal rules are followed in the plural form: las aguas, las guilas, las amas and las almas. With these words, el doesnt indicate gender but is used instead for ease of pronunciation. It is similar to the way in which Englist substitutes an for a in front of some nouns, as the rule applies to the opening sound of the word, not how its spelled.

Rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Rewrite - Essay Example The brand name is developed from the words architecture and Cymru, which is Wales in Welsh. This brand name will help us expand within the local Welsh market, which enhances the company’s ability to become a premier Welsh firm. We wish to take advantage of the increased investment in Wales’ construction sector by seeking for funds through our brand name. Although the brand name seeks to establish our company in the local market, our wider objective is to become a major firm in Europe with the capacity of executing major architectural projects within the continent and the rest of the world. Within the first three to five years of our operations, the company will operate as a private limited company with each shareholder having equal rights. Thereafter, the company will liquidity or offer some of the shares to the public through an initial public offering with the company becoming a public limited company although this objective is based on the long-term achievements of company and its success as reassessed in the long-run. Through various milestones in infrastructural designs, Wales’s construction industry plays an important role in the development and growth of the local economy while considering various environmental and societal issues. Economical estimates indicate that the industry contributes about 10% to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Each year, estimated investments in the sector are likely to be about  £2.3 billion with the industry experiencing high competition, as there are around 12,000 construction firms in the sector. Despite the stiff competition, the industry experiences a wide range of specializations. Concerning the labor force benefiting from the industry, industrial estimates indicate that over 100,000 workers are employed by the industry and they range from various construction professions such as architecture, builders, engineers, surveyors, maintenance groups, and other companies that restore and

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sociology - Essay Example status to being equated with disputed accounting techniques and off balance-sheet financing transactions, misleading statements, unscrupulous executives, dishonest partnerships, and ill-gotten personal gain? The roots of Enrons fall can be found in its failed internal control system and bureaucratic culture. Henry Fayol and Taylor’s approaches of internal control help describing how executives at Enron created an organizational bureaucratic culture that put the bottom line ahead of ethical behavior. (Prentice, pp 3-4) After a brief background on Enron and its rise and fall, like the analysis of the Salomon Brothers fall, the five most important mechanisms available to leaders to create and reinforce aspects are used to analyze systematically the bureaucratic culture and internal control system that led to the companys fall after shocking disclosures about the companys finances. Firms differed not only in the general character of their control systems that changes as the length of the hierarchy, the labor breakdown, and the cost structure. The command hierarchy could be anything from two to twelve distinct levels of control system between the board and the operators. The varying lengths of the command hierarchy made it impossible to make direct comparisons between firms of the size of the span of control at the intermediate levels of management. No single misstep brought Enron to the brink. A series of missteps and just plain bureaucratic control system brought Enrons more nefarious dealings to light, precipitating its ultimate collapse. (Julian, pp 1-2) The dirtiest of Enrons deals involved SPEs of its own construction that sported names straight from Star Wars such as Chewco. While Enrons traders may still have inhabited the fantasy worlds of their youth, their trades had a harsh reality to them that touched the heart and soul of American life. Who got electricity during Californias energy crisis, which farms would have water to irrigate their crops, and

What do you consider are the essential attributes of an interviewer Essay

What do you consider are the essential attributes of an interviewer and why - Essay Example Hence, the organizations are now trying to authenticate the research by applying the new techniques. There are studies related to mental health, socio-economic and personnel factors. Organizations conducting the researches, involved in planning of interviews and designing of the questionnaires. With an effective discussion, limitations of interviews are confined to avoid any unfairness; as the interview is a vital instrument behind any research or investigation. Therefore an interviewer requires endowing himself with all the attributes necessary to get the proper information. An interviewer needs a proper study of the subject of research, its background and proper understanding of the objective of interview, in a proper way. There are several techniques applied to conduct an authentic interview. The case may vary from a crime to patient in a mental hospital. The body language, way of communication and approach applied matters a lot in the quality of the interview. (Ritchie, Lewis 200 3). An interviewer should always keep in mind, the importance of qualitative value of the research which can be achieved only through primary data collection method; which is totally based on the interview of the native. More exact information you derive from the interviewee, more the research will be authentic. The subject of the study requires a particular kind of approach to make the research fruitful, avoiding any bias. The design of questions planned may have socio-economical, natural, physical and psychological approaches, depending on the objective of the research. Selection of the field for the research, making a team, and a good fieldwork with historical, social and psychological analysis is necessary, before designing the questions for the interview. The interview should be able to reach in depth of an individual, acquiring all the required information from him. Selection of the place of interview and the kind of questions, affects the psychology of the individual which ma y influence in the spontaneity of the information he is giving. Therefore, to get the same in a proper way, the individual should be provided with a contented environment, which encourages him to narrate his story or the incident he has witnessed. As soon as the process of data collection through an authentic interview is completed; a qualitative analysis of collected information is required, to give a proper shape to final research report. Among several approaches of interviewing and researching, the most successful one is a psychological approach. As the information is acquired from a human beings, who are psychological in nature; treating them psychologically, would certainly help gain more factual information than any other approaches. Here we will discuss about the methods of psychological approach of interview. This technique of interview consists of a non-accusatory interview combining both investigative and behavior-provoking questions. This technique of interview has three elements: Factual analysis, interviewing, and investigation. Besides being distinct in their process these elements have a common objective to help the innocent and identify the offender. Interrogating that individual becomes an important task to find out the reality. This technique is useful in extracting information from reluctant suspects. Interviews and investigation both are supported by investigative findings; therefore, a proper analysis of facts can help the interviewer in following ways: Recognize appropriate questioning planning. Increase the possibility to recognize the offender through the interview. unlikely suspects Develop probable

The History Of The Digital Citizenship Information Technology Essay

The History Of The Digital Citizenship Information Technology Essay A digital citizen is a tool which helps teachers, technology leaders and parents to understand what students, children, and technology users should know to use technology the right way and also having knowledge of it. Digital Citizenship is more than just a teaching tool it is a way to prepare technology users for a society full of technology. To be considered a digital citizen you must have any record of you being in touch with electronic devices in the world. These people create blogs and use social networks. Signing up for an e- mail address is the first step into becoming a citizenship for many people. The government uses this tool a lot to transfer and record its information; this is called the e- government. Many governments that do not have this are a disadvantage to them because they cannot organize so well their important information. There is also something called the e- democracy, it involves campaign web sites online. People who do not cooperate so much with technology te nd be isolated socially and not kept up to date in our world. Practically being a digital citizen makes life a lot easier. There are nine themes of digital citizenship. One of these nine themes is digital etiquette. It is defined as the standards of conduct and procedure. People must be taught to be responsible in this area. Another theme is Digital literacy. This is the process of teaching and learning about technology and the use of technology. Schools have been doing a great part in this, but still a lot has to be done. Learners must be taught on how to deal with digital society. Business, military, and medicine are good examples of how technology is being used differently. Another theme of technology is digital communication. This is the electronic exchange of information.à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ One of the significant changes within the digital revolution is a personà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s ability to communicate with other people. In the nineteenth century communication technology was very limited, but by the twenty first century this boosted up. The expanding of communication technology changed everything because people have the ability to keep frequent communication with anyone else, anywhere else. Although people do have to be very aware to whom they talk to because there are a lot of thieves and sexual predators. The fourth theme of digital citizenship is digital access. This is the full electronic participation in society. Technology users need to be alert of internet access and also support it. People should be able to have full access to technology no matter who they are. To become good, productive citizens we need to be committed to digital access. Another theme of digital citizenship is digital commerce. This is the electronic buying and sales of goods. A large portion of the market economy is being held electronically. For example like when people shop cloths online. Unfortunately there are illegal sales electronically, like the sales of pornography and gambling. Our society has to learn to be effective consumers in the new digital economy. The sixth theme of digital citizenship is digital law. This is the electronic responsibility for actions and deeds. This takes care of the ethics of technology in our society. Unethical use makes it a form of theft and crime. This includes for example stealing other peopleà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s information or identity. Hacking into stud and downloading illegal music violates the digital law. The Seventh theme is digital rights and responsibilities. This is the freedoms extended to everyone in a digital world. Just like how in the constitution there is a bill of rights, there is a set of rights for every digital citizen as well. Digital citizens have the right to free speech, privacy and so on. These rights also point to responsibilities as well, people have to use technology in the right manner and not violate these rights. In the digital society these two must fuse together in for everyone to be active well. The eighth theme of citizen ship is digital health and wellness. This is the physical and physiological well being in a digital technology world. Eye safety, repetitive stress syndrome, and sound ergonomic practices are problems that we need to be aware of in the technological world. Physiological issues are becoming more prevalent, like internet addiction. The final theme of digital citizenship is digital security. This is the electronic precautions to guarantee safety. In the digital community there are people who steal and corrupt other people. Therefore people should be careful and not trust other people in the digital world. Like how we have locks on our doors and alarms for fires in our house, we have to have the same for our digital world and have virus protections, backups of data, and surge control for our equipment. This is being a responsible digital citizen. In conclusion, people of our society must get in touch more often with the digital world. There are a lot of benefits for using it, but we always have to be careful in the digital community just like how we are in the non-digital community. Be the best digital citizen you can be. Work Cited Digital Citizenship Resources for Educators. Web. 24 Aug. 2010. . Digital Citizenship Education. Web. 24 Aug. 2010. . Digital Citizenship. Web. 24 Aug. 2010. . Digital Citizen. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 24 Aug. 2010. . Digital Citizen. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 24 Aug. 2010. .

Writing Style of Notes to a Native Son Essay -- James Baldwin

Thoughts of a Man Life is a great tapestry of events and emotions that one feels and/or experiences on a daily basis. No day plays out the same way and no two people experience the same things. Certainly one can say that life is jumpy, if not completely unpredictable. In order to explain life or the things that go on in life, one must be able to communicate on not only a narrative level, but also an analytical level. Any great writer must possess the skill to fully and completely portray a feeling or idea. James Baldwin, an African-American writer born in Harlem in 1924, fully possessed this special ability. Baldwin is considered to be one of the best essayists of the twentieth century and wrote during a time of great racial injustice. One of his greatest assets was his uncanny ability to intertwine narrative and analysis throughout the course of his essays. In his famous essay, â€Å"Notes of a Native Son†, or â€Å"Notes† for short, Baldwin shows some of his best w ork in this style of writing. In â€Å"Notes,† Baldwin performs a masterful job of weaving analytical thought into specific events from his life or the public life around him. This style allows the reader to better understand the thoughts of a very intelligent, educated, and opinionated man who lived during a very difficult time in American history. At first glance, â€Å"Notes† may seem to be a simple story about Baldwin’s father and the strained relationships that Baldwin and his siblings had with their father. But at a closer look, the essay serves a deeper purpose than initially expected, which can be seen in an analysis of Baldwin’s writing style. Baldwin uses a writing style that moves from story to analysis in order to paint a very specif... ...eeded the guidance that sometimes only a father can give. This is an interesting idea and this tying up of loose ends is a powerful example of how Baldwin constructed and framed his essays. His style went from a specific example to a general feeling of some deeper meaning than the story or example alone could portray. The transitions from narrative to analysis that he used were logical and flowed well. As a reader, it was difficult to actually pick out the change without carefully reading and analyzing the essay as one reads it. This style, which really is more like a gift, paints a very vivid picture for the reader and places Baldwin among the best essayists of the twentieth century. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York, New York, Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Hispanic Voting Related Literature Essay

The coming of the 2008 US Presidential Elections has made studies on voting behavior a fad in the scholastic community. Everybody wants to know, especially the candidates, how America or segments of its population will vote or the chances that a candidate will win based on some observations on voting patterns. Unfortunately, and not many people know this, studying voting behavior is not as simple as looking at the voting statistics. As one scholar commented, â€Å"voting is among the acts hardest to explain† (Uhlaner, 1989, p. 390). For one, Samuel Eldersveld (1951), defined voting behavior to connote â€Å"more than the examination of voting records†, but also includes â€Å"analyses on individual psychological processes and their relation to the vote-decision, of group structures and functions and their relation to political action, as well as institutional patterns and their impact on elections† (Eldersveld, 1951, p. 71). Thus, studies on voting behavior have also become multi-disciplinary, and were never confined in the field of political science. Still, studying voting behavior holds so much promise as far as theory construction is concerned, because it is viewed to be an area where theory can be systematically and quantitatively measured and tested. Also, this area offers more valid and reliable statements of causal determinants and a wealth of hypotheses, as voting behavior can be studied with respect to several possible variables. (Eldersveld, 1951, pp. 72-73). In her emphasis on the role of groups, Carole Uhlaner hypothesizes that voters act as part of groups with shared interests† (p. 390). Based on a utilitarian model of consumption benefit, she suggests that a group votes for a certain candidate because it would benefit from the policy positions of that candidate. From here, it is not difficult to presume that ethnic groups vote for candidates coming from their own group because they are expected to represent their interests. Though there has been a debate, in the case of Hispanic Elected Officials (HEOs), on whether Hispanic members of the US House of Representatives substantially represent the interests of their Hispanic constituents (Hero and Tolbert, 1995; and Kerr and Miller, 1997), it is useful to start with the assumption that groups, particularly ethnic groups, play an important role in determining voting behavior as identities and affiliations affect voters’ interpretations of the political world, preferences, and actions. (Uhlaner, 1989) Thus, a very interesting, yet under-studied (Antunes and Gaitz, 1975; Hero, 1990; Arvizu and Garcia, 1996), subject of inquiry on voting behavior would be the Hispanics in the United States. Scholars and politicians alike are interested in finding out how Latinos vote because despite the increasing significance of the group, being the fastest growing minority group in the US (Tanneeru, 2007), there seems to be the absence of consistent or predictable patterns on Hispanic voting across areas and through time. It may stem from the fact that the Hispanic community is diverse and voting interests are not homogenous. A Cuban-American may vote for a Republican because of the party’s long-standing policies toward Cuba, while a Hispanic in a border state may be affected by the stringent immigration policies. The culture of a state can also affect a Hispanic voter’s behavior: Texas voters may be more conservative in contrast to more liberal Hispanic voters in California. A study on the impact of religion also revealed that first and third generations placed more importance on religion than the second generation Hispanics in the US (Tanneeru, 2007). Socio-economic factors — such as social class, occupation, poverty indicators, among others — are also seen as significant determinants of voter turnout (Arvizu and Garcia, 1996; Antunes and Gaitz, 1975). In her explanation of the Hispanic low voter turnout, Cassel even suggested that Hispanics vote less than Anglos during presidential elections because they â€Å"tend to be younger, less educated, poorer or less frequently contacted by a political party or candidate† (Cassel, 2002, p. 397-398). In a comparison between the election of Federico Pena as Mayor of Denver, Colorado in 1983 and the bid of Victor Morales from Texas for US Senate in 1996 points to more variables that shaped the two campaigns. These include the size of the constituency, size and demographics of the Hispanic population, ability of the candidates to build coalitions of ethnic groups and sectors, personal qualifications or experience of the candidate, membership in civic organizations, political party support and campaign funds. This also tells us that the mere presence of a large Hispanic population in an electoral district could not ascertain victory for a Hispanic candidate. In a study by Rodney Hero comparing Hispanic political behavior in two Colorado cities – Denver and Pueblo – with other California cities, it appears that the governmental structure plays a significant role in determining different levels of mobilization of Hispanics in the cities. Colorado cities, with their unreformed structure, particularly Denver which has a strong-mayor system, have obtained greater political influence than what can be observed among California cities. This study supports the observation in 1983 in Denver, Colorado wherein Pena was elected into office with the highest Hispanic voter turnout ever recorded in the city. It also proves that it is not always the case that Hispanics are politically â€Å"acquiescent† and politically inactive and/or ineffective. (Hero, 1990) The observed political apathy of Hispanics had been explained by several studies in different ways. A study on voting behavior in Texas from 1960-1970 asserts that discriminatory devices such as the poll tax, the requirement of annual registration, short registration periods, and length of time between the end of registration and general election had restricted qualified electorate in favor of white persons and those with greater education and income (Shinn, 1971). Such means of discrimination, including literacy tests and printing of ballots in English, had also been used by the Mexican-American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF), to extend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to include large jurisdictions where large Mexican American populations live. Arguing that Hispanics never really met the level of discrimination suffered by the blacks, for whom the Voting Rights Act was originally intended, Linda Chavez points out that Hispanic votes had been aggressively courted by presidential candidates since 1960s and that hundreds of Mexican Americans had held office since the 1970s. She contends that in places where Hispanics make up a large segment of the constituency, several other factors, not the absence of safe seat for Hispanic representative, explain why no Hispanics hold office (Chavez, 1992). Complementing the initial observation of Chavez, George Antunes and Charels Gaitz found out in 1975 that in their interpretation of ethnic differences in the levels of participation among blacks, Mexican-Americans and whites, ethnic identification process among minority groups only partially account for the higher level of political participation of the discriminated groups. However, they stressed that compared to blacks, Mexican-Americans have lower participation rates for nine of eleven indicators of political participation, including voting. This is basically because of the cultural norms of participation inculcated in black communities owing to their history of discrimination wherein they suffered more than the Mexican-Americans (Antunes and Gaitz, 1975). Political history is also one of the aspects that Carol Cassel examined in her explanation of low Hispanic political participation as evident in their low voter turnout, compared to the African-Americans. Seeing that Hispanics vote at the same rate with other ethnic groups during presidential elections, Cassel suggests that low turnout in low visibility races can also be attributed to the Latinos’ lack of political networks or just because Latino political leaders prefer to mobilize voters in more competitive elections (Cassel, 2002). Mobilization efforts also figured as a very important determinant in the 1996 elections voting turnout in California, Florida and Texas (Shaw, dela Garza and Lee, 2000). Nevertheless, Harry Pachon and Louis De Sipio recognize that the structural changes such as the extension of the Voting Rights, combined with ethnic political mobilization in Latino communities and efforts of groups such as MALDEF, contributed to the increased electoral and political clout of the Hispanics. In their list of HEOs in the 1990s, they have found out that there were 4,004 Hispanics holding publicly-elected offices nationwide – 1% of the national total; nine states accounting for 96% of HEOs in the US; and that Hispanics were represented at all levels of government, except for the Presidency. The only factors that could mitigate the increasing trend of HEOs in the following years would be young Hispanic population and non-citizenship. (Pachon and De Sipio, 1992). Thus far, the numerous and variegated variables and determinants presented above attest that it is not easy to explain Hispanic voting behavior. Thus it is best to start with a single locality to test which of these – or a combination of these — variables could best explain Hispanic voting. (In this case, I have chosen to zero in on Houston, Texas, the fourth largest city in the United States. ) Though in the process, I should be cautious against committing what Eldersveld warned with respect to generalizing from single cases. Nonetheless, I believe that studies such as this could make a good case for comparing with similar political settings, and eventually, in explaining Hispanic political behavior. References: Antunes, G. and Gaitz, C. (1975) Ethnicity and Participation: A Study of Mexican-Americans, Blacks and Whites. The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 80, No. 5, 1192-1211. Arvizu, J. and Garcia, C. (1996) Latino Voting Participation: Explaining and Differentiating Latino Voting Turnout. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 2, 104-128. Cassel, C. (2002) Hispanic Turnout: Estimates from Validated Voting Data. Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 2, 391-408. Chavez, L. (1992) Hispanics, Affirmative Action and Voting. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 523, 75-87. Dela Garza, R. , Lee, J. and Shaw, D. (2000) Examining Latino Turnout in 1996: A Three-State, Validated Survey Approach. American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 44, No. 2, 338-346. Eldersveld, S. J. (1951) Theory and Method in Voting Behavior Research. The Journal of Politics, Vol. 13, No. 1, 70-87. Hero, R. (1990) Hispanics in Urban Government and Politics: Some Findings, Comparisons and Implications. The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 2, 403-414. Hero, R. and Tolbert, C. (1995) Latinos and Substantive Representation in the US House of Representatives: Direct, Indirect or Nonexistent? American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 39, No. 3, 640-652. Kerr, B. and Miller, W. (1997) Latino Representation, It’s Direct and Indirect. American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 41, No. 3, 1066-1071. Pachon, H. and De Sipio, L. (1992) Latino Elected Officials in the 1990s. 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