Honey Markets in the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve (NBR)

Honey Markets in the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve (NBR) p>A STUDY ON THE HONEY MARKETS OF NILGIRIS BIOSPHERE RESERVE INSTITUTE OF RURAL MANAGEMENT ANAND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project that we have worked on is Honey markets in the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve (NBR). In this study we have traced the flow of honey from the honey hunters of NBR to the end consumers. This study is a part of a larger study, Darwin Initiative, aimed at studying the underlying linkages between Bees, Biodiversity and Livelihood in the NBR, undertaken by Keystone foundation along with University of East Anglia and Bees for Development. For the study on Honey markets in the NBR, six sites were chosen from the sixteen sites chosen for Darwin Initiative, based on the accessibility of the site, the predominant trade channels present (based on previously available information, the sites were divided as formal and informal markets), the number of honey hunters in the site (used as a proxy to determine amount of honey collected in the sites to ensure presence of high and low honey collecting areas) and also ensuring that all the three states (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh) were represented. Three sites with formal trade channels and three sites with informal trade channels were selected. In the selected sites, a few honey hunters, all the traders and institutional buyers and forest officials were interviewed to compose the value chain of honey. The impact of Price, Credit, State regulation, Volume of honey collected in the site, presence of an accessible institutional buyer at the site, presence of a powerful leader and direct access of consumers to the honey hunters on the sale of honey by the honey hunter was studied and analyzed across the six sites. Of the factors considered, price, presence of an institutional buyer and the presence of a powerful leader had a significant impact on the flow of honey. Based on the above obtained information, the value chain of honey was drawn for all the six sites. 1. INTRODUCTION The project that we had to work is Honey flow in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. In this study we have analyzed the flow of honey from the native indigenous honey hunters in the forest to the end consumers in the area of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. According to the Codex Alimentarius the definition of honey is as follows: Honey is the unfermented, natural sweet substance produced by honeybees from the nectar of blossoms or from secretions of living parts of plants or excretions of plant-sucking insects on the living parts of plants, which honeybees collect, transform and combine with specific substances of their own, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature. Honey shall not have any objectionable flavour, aroma or taint absorbed from foreign matter during its production, harvesting, processing and storage and shall not contain natural plant toxins in an amount that may constitute hazard to health. The honey collected in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is from four different sources depending on the type of honey bees collecting them i.e. Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, Apis florea and Apis dammer. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is the first internationally designated Biosphere Reserve of India. It was established in the year 1986 under the proposition of UNESCO. It comprises the three states of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. It covers 0.15% of Indias land area i.e. an area of 5520 sq. km and is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna. The NBR has six protected areas and more than five different types of forests. The major honey zones in the area include Kotagiri and Coonoor areas of Nilgiris, Sigur, Mukkurthi, Mudumalai, Bandipur, Nagarhole, Wynad, Silent Valley, Nilambur, and New Amarambalam Reserve Forest, Attapadi Valley, Pillur Valley, Anaikatti, Boluvampatti and Sathyamangalam Hills. It also home to a large number of indigenous communities, most of them forest dwellers and hunter gatherers. There around eighteen ethnic groups living in the area each of these having small populations and living in geographical concentrations. Not all the ethnic groups engage in honey hunti ng, the main honey hunters are Sholigas, Kattunaickens, Kurumbas, Cholanaickens and Irulas. Todas generally collect honey for home consumption and minor sales. The dorsata honey which is generally obtained from combs that are built in cliffs and not all the tribals engage in cliff honey hunting. Kurumbas are the experts in cliff hunting of honey whereas Irulas collect it from giant trees. The cerana honey is generally collected from tree cavities whereas florea and dammer honey is collected in small quantities from twigs and cavities in walls. The dammer honey is highly priced and used for medicinal purposes. Each of this ethnic group specializes in different ways and methods to collect honey which has given rise to specific techniques and traditions. Honey hunting is a seasonal activity for them; it starts in March and extends up to June. Thus the activity happens only for a period of three to four months in a year. Honey forms a component of the Non Timber Forest Produce which is commonly known as Minor Forest Produce. In this study we have tried to capture the existing market for honey operating in the major honey zones of the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve. We met the different native honey hunters engaged in this vocation and enquired about the various selling options that they have. This study looks at how markets function work in these areas and identifies and analyses the factors affecting the honey market. The study tries to explore the various channels through which honey reaches the consumer from the hunter. It also analyzes the major factors affecting the emergence and establishment of particular channel in an area. The study also tries to explain how each channel function in an area, the intermediaries involved, their roles in the channel. The study also describes the value chain of honey with the prices at which different intermediaries purchase honey and wax. For the purpose of study specific sites were selected in the NBR to study the honey market and track the honey flow. This report begins by giving a brief idea about the context in which these markets are operating followed by the methodology adopted for the selection of sites. The market existing in these sites are then described followed by an analysis of all the sites. 2. POLICIES AND STATE REGULATIONS There is neither any policy on NTFP in the state of Karnataka or any laws that have direct consequences on NTFP its collection, processing and marketing. Several legal documents have some rules regarding the extraction of certain NTFPs such as the Karnataka Forest Manual, The Karnataka Forest Act 1963 etc but by far it does not restrict the collection of honey. The state of Karnataka has defined MFP through its Karnataka Forest Act, 1963 as forest produce other than timber, sandal wood, firewood, charcoals, bamboos and minerals, and includes forest produce such as myrobolans, barks, fibres, flosses, gums, resin, dyes, grass, leaves, roots, fruits, seeds, creepers, reeds, moss, lichens, wood-oil, honey, wax, lac, wild animals, wild birds, horns, hides, bones, tusks etc. The Karnataka Forest department has allowed the collection of 45 items from the leased forest areas. The price fixation of these MFPs is done by Karnataka LAMPS. The Tamilnadu Forest department allowed 23 items for collection from the leased forest areas. There is no proper definition for MFP in the state. The price fixation mechanism operating for these products is through the Tamil Nadu Forest Department. Honey does not figure in the list of allowable items for collection. In the state of Kerala, forest department permitted 100 items to Tribal Services Cooperative Societies(TSCS) for extraction from the leased forest areas. The price fixation mechanism operating here is through Kerala Minor Forest Products committee. Honey and wax collection in the state is not banned but it is regulated through Cooperative Societies. In these states for several years the trade of NTFP had been in favour of private contractors. Recently the government guideline for constitution of Village Forest Committee has, to some extent, kept the private traders away but the NTFP market is still with the hand of those traders. With the absence of any legal documents, the states like Tamil Nadu have complicated the NTFP management. The Tamil Nadu state Act has not defined NTFP and there are no transit rules for movement of produces outside the states. 3. METHODOLOGY The study was carried out in a sample of six sites out of the total sixteen Darwin sites. The sampling which was suggested earlier on societies may not give a uniform analysis as these function only in Kerala and parts of Karnataka. Hence we have chosen six Darwin sites for the purpose of study. The six sites chosen to study the value chain of honey under the Darwin Initiative were selected on the basis of the following criteria. Type of trade (formal or informal trade). Number of honey hunters in the site. Representation of all the three states Research Sites Region , State Indigenous Community No of hhlds No. Hhlds inter-viewed No.of Honey hunting Hhlds Trade Aspects 1 Bedaguli Chamraj Nagar Karnataka Sholiga, Kannadiga 55 55 25 Collection is banned. 2 Kannur Sathy Tamil Nadu Sholiga 96 48 30 Collection is banned in Tamil Nadu, but the Village Forest Council (VFC) collects honey from harvesters along with other NTFPs. 3 Kalidimbam Sathy Tamil Nadu Irula 55 55 20 Collection is banned in Tamil Nadu, but the Village Forest Council (VFC) collects honey from harvesters along with other NTFPs. 4 Athoor Chamraj Nagar Karnataka Sholigas, Kannadiga2 Badaga3 103 52 14 Collection is banned. 5 Comop Coonoor Tamil Nadu Kurumba 7 7 4 Honey is sold to green shop Keystone in Coonoor both honey as well as beeswax. Occasionally sold to other local shops as well. 6 Pudukadu Coonoor Tamil Nadu Kurumba 34 34 4 The Honey is sold to shops on the Coonoor- Mettupalayam highway 7 Situkunni Coonoor Tamil Nadu Irula 10 10 1-2 Sold to local traders, tourists and occasionally to Keystones centre. 8 Kobo Kotagiri Tamil Nadu Toda 9 9 3-4 Honey is collected mostly for personal consumption. 9 Koduthen mund Kotagiri Tamil Nadu Toda, Others 4 8 8 1-2 Cerana honey collected for consumption but not regularly. 10 Tunieri Kotagiri Tamil Nadu Badaga, Others 320 51 None None of the households are engaged in HH. 11 Perur Sigur Tamil Nadu Kattunaicken 51 51 18 The product is sold within the village, tourists and local customers or to Kallur cooperative society in Kerala. 12 Chemmanatham Sigur Tamil Nadu Kasava/Irula 44 44 5-10 Honey collection is banned. It is collected and sold to local traders or the numerous resorts adjacent to the Mudumalai sanctuary. 13 Siriyoor Sigur Tamil Nadu Kasava/Irula/Jenu Kurumba 52 52 7-10 Honey collection is banned. It is collected and sold to local traders or the numerous resorts adjacent to the Mudumalai sanctuary. 14 Nala Nilambur Kerala Kattunaicken, Paniyas 54 54 15-20 Honey is sold to the cooperative society. Society has a captive market as selling outside is illegal. 15 Mancheri Nilambur Kerala Cholanaicken 145* All caves have Honey Hunters Honey is sold to the society Bees wax is also sold to the society. Society has a captive market as selling outside is illegal. 16 Mundakadavu Nilambur Kerala Padinaickens, Paniyas 29 29 6 Honey is sold to the society and to the local traders. Bees wax is also sold to the society for Rs.120/kg. Society has a captive market as selling outside is illegal. Table 1: Information about honey trade across Darwin sites As mentioned above the criteria used for selection of site for the study of value chain of honey from the Darwin sites were the type of trade (formal or informal trade), number of honey hunters in the site and the representation of all the three states. These criteria were applied to the sites in the above mentioned order. The Darwin sites were initially categorized into one of the three trade types prevalent by large. Throughout our study, we have used the terms formal, informal trade to describe the trade channels existing in the different sites. Informal trade includes the honey collection and trade in the area where it is banned by law and is not allowed by the forest officials. This kind of a trade can be seen on the Karnataka part of NBR. By Informal trade we refer to honey trade with private traders and the flow through informal channels of trade. Here there is no organizational set up for buying honey. The honey traded here is unbilled. Honey trade in Tamil Nadu is not allowed by law but it is permitted by the forest officials. This is also included under informal trade. Honey collection and trade in this area happen with the knowledge of the forest officials. The above mentioned are considered as permitted trade. The permit ted trade, can again be formal and informal trade. By formal trade, we refer to honey trade with organizations like keystone (in Tamil Nadu) or cooperative societies (in Kerala). In this, the honey traded is billed. Honey collection and trade in Kerala is permitted by law. The following table shows the classification of Darwin sites according to the type of trade Table 2: Classification of Darwin sites based on the type of trade INFORMAL TRADE FORMAL TRADE ATHOOR MANCHERI BEDAGULI KANNUR PERUR KALIDIMBAM SIRIYUR NALA CHEMMANATHAM MUNDAKADAVU PUTHUKADU COMOP KOBO KODUTHENMUNDU SITUKUNNI Tuneri has not been included in the table because no honey collection takes place there. In the next step, the sites were ranked based on the number of honey hunting households present in the village. The following table shows the sites ranked in descending order of honey hunters present in a village. Table 3: Sites selected for the study INFORMAL TRADE FORMAL TRADE NAME HH NAME HH BEDAGULI (KARNATAKA) 25 MANCHERI (KERALA) 36 PERUR (TN) 18 KANNUR (TN) 30 ATHOOR (KARNATAKA) 14 KALIDIMBAM (TN) 20 SIRIYUR (TN) 7 NALA (KERALA) 15 CHEMMANATHAM (TN) 5 MUNDAKADAVU (TN) 6 PUTHUKADU (TN) 4 COMOP (TN) 4 KOBO (TN) 3 KODUTHENMUNDU (TN) 1 SITUKUNNI (TN) 1 After the sites were ranked, they were selected based on the number of honey hunters and other factors as mentioned below Athoor and Bedaguli are the two Darwin sites in Karnataka. In these sites, honey hunting is banned as per the state regulation and is also not permitted by the forest officials. In spite of it, honey is being collected there. Athoor was chosen over Bedaguli in the state of Karnataka because of the following reasons Easy accessibility. Athoor is located on a highway (Sathyamangalam Mysore highway). Athoor is the only site that is located on a highway and has the possibility of sale to travelers on the road. It has the potential for retail trade by honey hunters. There are nine sites that fall under the informal trade category including the two sites in Karnataka. Of these seven sites, Perur had the highest number of honey hunters (more than twice the number of the second highest) and was selected. Koduthenmundu and Situkunni were not selected for low honey flow areas even though they had only one honey hunting house hold each because the hunters here do not go for honey hunting every year. So Kobo with three honey hunting house holds was selected as the site for low honey flow area under the informal trade category. In the formal trade category, Mancheri (even though it has the highest number of honey hunting house holds) was not selected because of accessibility problems. Kannur with thirty house holds was selected as the site for high honey flow and Comop with the least number of honey hunting house holds in the category was selected. Then the selected

Joe Paterno: He Is Penn State :: Essays Papers

Joe Paterno: He Is Penn State The college football world has gone mad. Conferences are doing battle in courtrooms instead of on the football field. Teams are leaving their conferences and throwing tradition and loyalty out the window for a bigger paycheck. The Bowl Championship Series was supposed to end the confusion in the college football post season. It was supposed to crown a true champion. Instead, the B.C.S. has only brought more light to the fact that in college football it is all about money and TV contracts. Teams that have no right going to a major bowl game go because of who they are and, more importantly, who their fans are and how much money the fans are will to spend. Players are failing classes, stealing, doing drugs, breaking almost every law imaginable, and they are still suiting up to play on Saturday. In this new age of college football, there is a man who is as old school as having goal posts right on the goal line. He is short in stature, but he is larger than life. He has given millions of dollars back to his university, and he has put his heart and his soul into molding young me. Joe Paterno has become an icon of college football. In these modern times, however, his morals and his coaching style seem outdated. Now, in the twilight of his career, he has to battle a grueling Big Ten schedule, the media who made him a legend and who are now looking to make him into a fool, and even his once loyal fans who have turned their backs on him. Joe Paterno has his back against the wall; it seems everything is working against him. He could walk away now and forever be remembered as a great football coach, or he can keep running out of that tunnel and work on putting Penn State football back on the map. He can take back the title that is rightfully his, the greatest college football coach of all time. Joe Paterno should remain in charge of the Penn State football program. Along the way, he deserves every Penn State fans support, win or lose. Joe Paterno has found a way to win in college football. More importantly, he has found a way to win and keep his morals and the morals of the University. Paterno could have retired two years ago, after he reached victory number 324.

Behаviоrаl Explаnаtiоns Generаl Psychоlоgy

ShÐ ¾rtly Ð °fter purchÐ °sing persÐ ¾nÐ °l cÐ ¾mputer, my fÐ °ther stÐ °rted using Internet Ð ¾n dÐ °ily bÐ °sis. MÐ ¾reÐ ¾ver, he wÐ ¾uld spend nights brÐ ¾wsing. MeÐ °nwhile, my mÐ ¾m wÐ °s cÐ ¾mbining her cÐ ¾llege studies (tÐ ¾ receive secÐ ¾nd educÐ °tiÐ ¾n) with wÐ ¾rk Ð °nd wÐ ¾uld usuÐ °lly cÐ ¾me bÐ °ck hÐ ¾me tÐ ¾tÐ °lly wiped Ð ¾ut. TherefÐ ¾re, she wÐ °s nÐ ¾t Ð °t first cÐ ¾ncerned with whÐ °t my fÐ °ther wÐ °s up tÐ ¾ during lÐ °te evenings Ð °nd nights since everything she wÐ °nted tÐ ¾ dÐ ¾ wÐ °s tÐ ¾ jump tÐ ¾ bed Ð °s sÐ ¾Ã ¾n Ð °s pÐ ¾ssible Ð °nd fÐ °ll Ð °sleep. HÐ ¾wever, lÐ °ter Ð ¾n everything chÐ °nged. She nÐ ¾ticed thÐ °t her husbÐ °nd wÐ ¾uld cÐ ¾me bÐ °ck hÐ ¾me lÐ °te Ð °nd even stÐ °rted spending nights Ð ¾n the Ð ¾ffice sÐ ¾fÐ °.In Ð ° few dÐ °ys she sÐ °w him getting up Ð °nd silently turning Ð ¾n his hÐ ¾me cÐ ¾mputer in the middle Ð ¾f the night. Since they hÐ °ve Ð °lreÐ °dy been mÐ °rried fÐ ¾r 15 yeÐ °rs she Ð °t first cÐ ¾nsidered it Ð °n Ð ¾n-line Ð °ddictiÐ ¾n thÐ °t hÐ °s Ð °lreÐ °dy been Ð ¾n the Ð °gendÐ ° in mÐ °ny fÐ °milies. HÐ ¾wever, she wÐ °s certÐ °in her husbÐ °nd cÐ ¾uld nÐ ¾t surf news sites Ð °ll nights lÐ ¾ng. Ð fter hÐ °ving checked Ð °ll Ð ¾f his pÐ ¾ckets Ð °nd bÐ °gs, she fÐ ¾und Ð °n Ð °nswer in his e-mÐ °il bÐ ¾x which prÐ ¾vided her with the evidence Ð ¾f Ð °n Ð ¾n-line lÐ ¾ve Ð °ffÐ °ir with Ð ° yÐ ¾ung lÐ °dy frÐ ¾m Ð °nÐ ¾ther pÐ °rt Ð ¾f the wÐ ¾rld.In Ð ° very shÐ ¾rt while she hÐ °s filed fÐ ¾r divÐ ¾rce withÐ ¾ut hÐ °ving Ð °ny hesitÐ °tiÐ ¾ns Ð ¾r regrets. With indicÐ °ted Ð °bÐ ¾ve mÐ °teriÐ °l in mind we mÐ °y stÐ °te thÐ °t the prÐ ¾blem is cleÐ °rly Ð °ssÐ ¾ciÐ °ted with Ð ¾n-line cheÐ °ting Ð °nd behÐ °viÐ ¾r which it cÐ °uses. HÐ ¾wever, the questiÐ ¾n is: cÐ °n cyber intimÐ °te relÐ °tiÐ ¾nships be still cÐ ¾nsidered Ð °s cheÐ °ting? VÐ °st mÐ °jÐ ¾rity Ð ¾f psychÐ ¾lÐ ¾gists clÐ °im Ð °lthÐ ¾ugh Ð °dultery Ð °nd cheÐ °ting typicÐ °lly hÐ °ve physicÐ °l cÐ ¾nsequences, they Ð °ll emerge in humÐ °n minds Ð °nd hÐ °ve direct cÐ ¾nnectiÐ ¾n with nervÐ ¾us system.TherefÐ ¾re, Ð ¾nline lÐ ¾ve Ð °ffÐ °ir is nÐ ¾thing but cheÐ °ting reÐ °l-life pÐ °rtners thÐ ¾ugh fÐ ¾r thÐ ¾se whÐ ¾ Ð °re invÐ ¾lved in it, it is mÐ ¾re Ð ¾f Ð °n entertÐ °inment thÐ °n seriÐ ¾us issue. They see it Ð °s unhÐ °rmful Ð °nd sÐ °fe wÐ °y tÐ ¾ cÐ °rry Ð ¾ut their fÐ °ntÐ °sies. CОNCEPT IDENTIFICÐ TIОN. TÐ ¾ investigÐ °te the issue I selected twÐ ¾ nÐ ¾tiÐ ¾ns Ð ¾f generÐ °l psychÐ ¾lÐ ¾gy: hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n Ð °nd the theÐ ¾ry Ð ¾f mind (TОM). Ð s humÐ °n beings, we get used tÐ ¾ things. SÐ ¾mething thÐ °t is new Ð °nd incredibly exciting cÐ °n becÐ ¾me tediÐ ¾us. This trend tÐ ¾ hÐ °ve declining respÐ ¾nsiveness tÐ ¾ sà  ¾mething is cÐ °lled hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n (yÐ ¾u might Ð °lsÐ ¾ heÐ °r sÐ ¾meÐ ¾ne sÐ °y thÐ °t yÐ ¾u get hÐ °bituÐ °ted tÐ ¾ sÐ ¾mething).FÐ ¾r instÐ °nce, there mÐ °y be Ð ° picture yÐ ¾u reÐ °lly like sÐ ¾ yÐ ¾u put it Ð ¾n the wÐ °ll in yÐ ¾ur rÐ ¾Ã ¾m. YÐ ¾u see this picture every dÐ °y, 20 times Ð ° dÐ °y. Оver time Ð °nd repeÐ °ted expÐ ¾sures tÐ ¾ this picture yÐ ¾u might stÐ °rt feeling like yÐ ¾u've â€Å"seen it Ð ° milliÐ ¾n times† Ð °nd it just dÐ ¾esn’t hÐ °ve the sÐ °me effect Ð ¾n yÐ ¾u. This is hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n. The fÐ ¾undÐ °tiÐ ¾nÐ °l ideÐ ° fÐ ¾r hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n studies is thÐ °t Ð ¾nce peÐ ¾ple hÐ °ve been becÐ ¾me sÐ ¾ thÐ ¾rÐ ¾ughly fÐ °miliÐ °r with Ð ° stimulus thÐ °t they nÐ ¾ lÐ ¾nger pÐ °y Ð °ttentiÐ ¾n tÐ ¾ it, their Ð °ttentiÐ ¾n will recÐ ¾ver if Ð ° stimulus thÐ °t they recÐ ¾gnize Ð °s different is presented.In this prÐ ¾cedure, during the initià  °l, hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n phÐ °se, the infÐ °nt sits Ð ¾n the pÐ °rent’s lÐ °p fÐ °cing Ð ° mÐ ¾nitÐ ¾r Ð ¾n which he/she sees Ð ° visuÐ °l imÐ °ge Ð ¾f sÐ ¾me sÐ ¾rt while listening tÐ ¾ Ð ° sÐ ¾und. The experimenter recÐ ¾rds Ð ¾n Ð °n externÐ °l cÐ ¾mputer hÐ ¾w lÐ ¾ng the infÐ °nt lÐ ¾Ã ¾ks Ð °t the mÐ ¾nitÐ ¾r while listening tÐ ¾ the sÐ ¾und. The theÐ ¾ry Ð ¾f mind is sÐ ¾mething thÐ °t Ð °ll peÐ ¾ple must develÐ ¾p in Ð ¾rder tÐ ¾ understÐ °nd the minds Ð ¾f Ð ¾ther peÐ ¾ple. We cÐ °ll it Ð ° theÐ ¾ry becÐ °use we cÐ °n never Ð °ctuÐ °lly cÐ ¾nnect with Ð °nÐ ¾ther's mind. There is nÐ ¾ Ð ¾bjective wÐ °y tÐ ¾ verify the cÐ ¾ntents Ð ¾f their cÐ ¾nsciÐ ¾usness Ð ¾r tÐ ¾ Ð °ssess their mÐ ¾tivÐ °tiÐ ¾ns Ð °nd desires.InsteÐ °d, when we interÐ °ct with Ð ¾ther peÐ ¾ple we cÐ °n Ð ¾nly guess Ð °t these things, using Ð ¾ur TОM tÐ ¾ wÐ ¾rk Ð ¾ut whÐ °t they knÐ ¾w, think Ð ¾r feel. It s eems reÐ °sÐ ¾nÐ °ble tÐ ¾ believe thÐ °t peÐ ¾ple cÐ °nnÐ ¾t understÐ °nd the desires Ð ¾r emÐ ¾tiÐ ¾ns Ð ¾f Ð ¾thers unless they Ð °re Ð °wÐ °re Ð ¾f their Ð ¾wn, Ð °nd it certÐ °inly seems tÐ ¾ be true thÐ °t TОM develÐ ¾ps Ð °lÐ ¾ngside self-Ð °wÐ °reness (the develÐ ¾pment Ð ¾f self is cÐ ¾vered in Ð ° sepÐ °rÐ °te lecture). First, children leÐ °rn tÐ ¾ recÐ ¾gnize themselves (frÐ ¾m Ð °rÐ ¾und 18 mÐ ¾nths), then tÐ ¾ express their emÐ ¾tiÐ ¾nÐ °l stÐ °tes (frÐ ¾m Ð °bÐ ¾ut twÐ ¾ yeÐ °rs). Then, they must mÐ °ke the difference between self Ð °nd Ð ¾ther.EXPLÐ NÐ TIОN. The reÐ °sÐ ¾n why my fÐ °ther wÐ °s behÐ °ving in this pÐ °rticulÐ °r wÐ °s becÐ °use during Ð °ll Ð ¾f these yeÐ °rs Ð ¾f mÐ °rriÐ °ge he hÐ °s prÐ ¾bÐ °bly Ð °lreÐ °dy gÐ ¾t used tÐ ¾ my mÐ ¾ther Ð °nd wÐ °s lÐ ¾Ã ¾king fÐ ¾r sÐ ¾me Ð ¾ther new emÐ ¾tiÐ ¾ns. This dÐ ¾es nÐ ¾t meÐ °n thÐ ¾ugh thÐ °t he wÐ °nted tÐ ¾ turn his Ð ¾n-line Ð °ffÐ °ir intÐ ¾ sÐ ¾me lÐ ¾ng-term relÐ °tiÐ ¾nships. MÐ ¾re likely, it wÐ ¾uld grÐ °duÐ °lly slÐ ¾w dÐ ¾wn becÐ °use Ð ¾f the sÐ °me hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n which wÐ ¾uld nÐ ¾t seem sÐ ¾ exciting Ð °nymÐ ¾re. MeÐ °nwhile, my mÐ ¾ther here wÐ °s suppÐ ¾sed tÐ ¾ refer tÐ ¾ the theÐ ¾ry Ð ¾f mind Ð °nd try tÐ ¾ understÐ °nd my fÐ °ther Ð ¾r dÐ ¾ sÐ ¾mething thÐ °t wÐ ¾uld turn him Ð °wÐ °y frÐ ¾m his Ð ¾nline Ð °ddictiÐ ¾n.CÐ ¾nsequently, she wÐ ¾uld be Ð °ble tÐ ¾ cÐ ¾rrectly respÐ ¾nd Ð ¾n this situÐ °tiÐ ¾n Ð °nd Ð °vÐ ¾id their sepÐ °rÐ °tiÐ ¾n. Ð ccÐ ¾rding tÐ ¾ the theÐ ¾ry Ð ¾f mind, peÐ ¾ple shÐ ¾uld first explÐ ¾re themselves Ð °nd then try tÐ ¾ perceive Ð ¾thers. Ð s Ð ° result, this perceptiÐ ¾n wÐ ¾uld becÐ ¾me mÐ ¾re Ð °ccurÐ °te Ð °nd precise. This will Ð °llÐ ¾w them tÐ ¾ mÐ °ke better decisiÐ ¾ns Ð °nd build brighter future tÐ ¾gether. GenerÐ °l psychÐ ¾là  ¾gy enÐ °bles us tÐ ¾ hÐ °ve Ð ° better insight Ð ¾f feelings, emÐ ¾tiÐ ¾ns, Ð °nd thÐ ¾ughts which we experience Ð ¾n hÐ ¾urly bÐ °sis. In cÐ °se mentiÐ ¾ned Ð °bÐ ¾ve hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n is Ð ° prÐ ¾blemÐ °tic issue while the theÐ ¾ry Ð ¾f mind seems tÐ ¾ be Ð ¾ne Ð ¾f the wÐ °ys Ð ¾ut. BehÐ °viÐ ¾rÐ °l ExplÐ °nÐ °tiÐ ¾ns GenerÐ °l PsychÐ ¾lÐ ¾gy ShÐ ¾rtly Ð °fter purchÐ °sing persÐ ¾nÐ °l cÐ ¾mputer, my fÐ °ther stÐ °rted using Internet Ð ¾n dÐ °ily bÐ °sis. MÐ ¾reÐ ¾ver, he wÐ ¾uld spend nights brÐ ¾wsing. MeÐ °nwhile, my mÐ ¾m wÐ °s cÐ ¾mbining her cÐ ¾llege studies (tÐ ¾ receive secÐ ¾nd educÐ °tiÐ ¾n) with wÐ ¾rk Ð °nd wÐ ¾uld usuÐ °lly cÐ ¾me bÐ °ck hÐ ¾me tÐ ¾tÐ °lly wiped Ð ¾ut. TherefÐ ¾re, she wÐ °s nÐ ¾t Ð °t first cÐ ¾ncerned with whÐ °t my fÐ °ther wÐ °s up tÐ ¾ during lÐ °te evenings Ð °nd nights since everything she wÐ °nted tÐ ¾ dÐ ¾ wÐ °s tÐ ¾ jump tÐ ¾ bed Ð °s sÐ ¾Ã ¾n Ð °s pÐ ¾ssible Ð °nd fÐ °ll Ð °sleep.HÐ ¾wever, lÐ °ter Ð ¾n everything chÐ °nged. She nÐ ¾ticed thÐ °t her husbÐ °nd wÐ ¾uld cÐ ¾me bÐ °ck hÐ ¾me lÐ °te Ð °nd even stÐ °rted spending nights Ð ¾n the Ð ¾ffice sÐ ¾fÐ °.In Ð ° few dÐ °ys she sÐ °w him getting up Ð °nd silently turning Ð ¾n his hÐ ¾me cÐ ¾mputer in the middle Ð ¾f the night. Since they hÐ °ve Ð °lreÐ °dy been mÐ °rried fÐ ¾r 15 yeÐ °rs she Ð °t first cÐ ¾nsidered it Ð °n Ð ¾n-line Ð °ddictiÐ ¾n thÐ °t hÐ °s Ð °lreÐ °dy been Ð ¾n the Ð °gendÐ ° in mÐ °ny fÐ °milies. HÐ ¾wever, she wÐ °s certÐ °in her husbÐ °nd cÐ ¾uld nÐ ¾t surf news sites Ð °ll nights lÐ ¾ng. Ð fter hÐ °ving checked Ð °ll Ð ¾f his pÐ ¾ckets Ð °nd bÐ °gs, she fÐ ¾und Ð °n Ð °nswer in his e-mÐ °il bÐ ¾x which prÐ ¾vided her with the evidence Ð ¾f Ð °n Ð ¾n-line lÐ ¾ve Ð °ffÐ °ir with Ð ° yÐ ¾ung lÐ °dy frÐ ¾m Ð °nÐ ¾ther pÐ °rt Ð ¾f the wÐ ¾rld.In Ð ° very shÐ ¾rt while she hÐ °s filed fÐ ¾r divÐ ¾rce withÐ ¾ut hÐ °ving Ð °ny hesitÐ °tiÐ ¾ns Ð ¾r regrets. With indicÐ °ted Ð °bÐ ¾ve mÐ °teriÐ °l in mind we mÐ °y stÐ °te thÐ °t the prÐ ¾blem is cleÐ °rly Ð °ssÐ ¾ciÐ °ted with Ð ¾n-line cheÐ °ting Ð °nd behÐ °viÐ ¾r which it cÐ °uses. HÐ ¾wever, the questiÐ ¾n is: cÐ °n cyber intimÐ °te relÐ °tiÐ ¾nships be still cÐ ¾nsidered Ð °s cheÐ °ting? VÐ °st mÐ °jÐ ¾rity Ð ¾f psychÐ ¾lÐ ¾gists clÐ °im Ð °lthÐ ¾ugh Ð °dultery Ð °nd cheÐ °ting typicÐ °lly hÐ °ve physicÐ °l cÐ ¾nsequences, they Ð °ll emerge in humÐ °n minds Ð °nd hÐ °ve direct cÐ ¾nnectiÐ ¾n with nervÐ ¾us system.TherefÐ ¾re, Ð ¾nline lÐ ¾ve Ð °ffÐ °ir is nÐ ¾thing but cheÐ °ting reÐ °l-life pÐ °rtners thÐ ¾ugh fÐ ¾r thÐ ¾se whÐ ¾ Ð °re invÐ ¾lved in it, it is mÐ ¾re Ð ¾f Ð °n entertÐ °inment thÐ °n seriÐ ¾us issue. They see it Ð °s unhÐ °rmful Ð °nd sÐ °fe wÐ °y tÐ ¾ cÐ °rry Ð ¾ut their fÐ °ntÐ °sies. CОNCEPT IDENTIFICÐ TIОN. TÐ ¾ investigÐ °te the issue I selected twÐ ¾ nÐ ¾tiÐ ¾ns Ð ¾f generÐ °l psychÐ ¾lÐ ¾gy: hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n Ð °nd the theÐ ¾ry Ð ¾f mind (TОM). Ð s humÐ °n beings, we get used tÐ ¾ things. SÐ ¾mething thÐ °t is new Ð °nd incredibly exciting cÐ °n becÐ ¾me tediÐ ¾us. This trend tÐ ¾ hÐ °ve declining respÐ ¾nsiveness tÐ ¾ sÐ ¾mething is cÐ °lled hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n (yÐ ¾u might Ð °lsÐ ¾ heÐ °r sÐ ¾meÐ ¾ne sÐ °y thÐ °t yÐ ¾u get hÐ °bituÐ °ted tÐ ¾ sÐ ¾mething).FÐ ¾r instÐ °nce, there mÐ °y be Ð ° picture yÐ ¾u reÐ °lly like sÐ ¾ yÐ ¾u put it Ð ¾n the wÐ °ll in yÐ ¾ur rÐ ¾Ã ¾m. YÐ ¾u see this picture every dÐ °y, 20 times Ð ° dÐ °y. Оver time Ð °nd repeÐ °ted expÐ ¾sures tÐ ¾ this picture yÐ ¾u might stÐ °rt feeling like yÐ ¾u've â€Å"seen it Ð ° milliÐ ¾n times† Ð °nd it just dÐ ¾esn’t hÐ °ve the sÐ °me effect Ð ¾n yÐ ¾u. This is hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n. The fÐ ¾undÐ °tiÐ ¾nÐ °l ideÐ ° fÐ ¾r hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n studies is thÐ °t Ð ¾nce peÐ ¾ple hÐ °ve been becÐ ¾me sÐ ¾ thÐ ¾rÐ ¾ughly fÐ °miliÐ °r with Ð ° stimulus thÐ °t they nÐ ¾ lÐ ¾nger pÐ °y Ð °ttentiÐ ¾n tÐ ¾ it, their Ð °ttentiÐ ¾n will recÐ ¾ver if Ð ° stimulus thÐ °t they recÐ ¾gnize Ð °s different is presented.In this prÐ ¾cedure, during the initiÐ °l, hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n phÐ °se, the infÐ °nt sits Ð ¾n the pÐ °rent’s lÐ °p fÐ °cing Ð ° mÐ ¾nitÐ ¾r Ð ¾n which he/she sees Ð ° visuÐ °l imÐ °ge Ð ¾f sÐ ¾me sÐ ¾rt while listening tÐ ¾ Ð ° sÐ ¾und. The experimenter recÐ ¾rds Ð ¾n Ð °n externÐ °l cÐ ¾mputer hÐ ¾w lÐ ¾ng the infÐ °nt lÐ ¾Ã ¾ks Ð °t the mÐ ¾nitÐ ¾r while listening tÐ ¾ the sÐ ¾und. The theÐ ¾ry Ð ¾f mind is sÐ ¾mething thÐ °t Ð °ll peÐ ¾ple must develÐ ¾p in Ð ¾rder tÐ ¾ understÐ °nd the minds Ð ¾f Ð ¾ther peÐ ¾ple. We cÐ °ll it Ð ° theÐ ¾ry becÐ °use we cÐ °n never Ð °ctuÐ °lly cÐ ¾nnect with Ð °nÐ ¾ther's mind. There is nÐ ¾ Ð ¾bjective wÐ °y tÐ ¾ verify the cÐ ¾ntents Ð ¾f their cÐ ¾nsciÐ ¾usness Ð ¾r tÐ ¾ Ð °ssess their mÐ ¾tivÐ °tiÐ ¾ns Ð °nd desires.InsteÐ °d, when we interÐ °ct with Ð ¾ther peÐ ¾ple we cÐ °n Ð ¾nly guess Ð °t these things, using Ð ¾ur TОM tÐ ¾ wÐ ¾rk Ð ¾ut whÐ °t they knÐ ¾w, think Ð ¾r feel. It se ems reÐ °sÐ ¾nÐ °ble tÐ ¾ believe thÐ °t peÐ ¾ple cÐ °nnÐ ¾t understÐ °nd the desires Ð ¾r emÐ ¾tiÐ ¾ns Ð ¾f Ð ¾thers unless they Ð °re Ð °wÐ °re Ð ¾f their Ð ¾wn, Ð °nd it certÐ °inly seems tÐ ¾ be true thÐ °t TОM develÐ ¾ps Ð °lÐ ¾ngside self-Ð °wÐ °reness (the develÐ ¾pment Ð ¾f self is cÐ ¾vered in Ð ° sepÐ °rÐ °te lecture). First, children leÐ °rn tÐ ¾ recÐ ¾gnize themselves (frÐ ¾m Ð °rÐ ¾und 18 mÐ ¾nths), then tÐ ¾ express their emÐ ¾tiÐ ¾nÐ °l stÐ °tes (frÐ ¾m Ð °bÐ ¾ut twÐ ¾ yeÐ °rs). Then, they must mÐ °ke the difference between self Ð °nd Ð ¾ther.EXPLÐ NÐ TIОN. The reÐ °sÐ ¾n why my fÐ °ther wÐ °s behÐ °ving in this pÐ °rticulÐ °r wÐ °s becÐ °use during Ð °ll Ð ¾f these yeÐ °rs Ð ¾f mÐ °rriÐ °ge he hÐ °s prÐ ¾bÐ °bly Ð °lreÐ °dy gÐ ¾t used tÐ ¾ my mÐ ¾ther Ð °nd wÐ °s lÐ ¾Ã ¾king fÐ ¾r sÐ ¾me Ð ¾ther new emÐ ¾tiÐ ¾ns. This dÐ ¾es nÐ ¾t meÐ °n thÐ ¾ugh thÐ °t he wÐ °nted t Ð ¾ turn his Ð ¾n-line Ð °ffÐ °ir intÐ ¾ sÐ ¾me lÐ ¾ng-term relÐ °tiÐ ¾nships. MÐ ¾re likely, it wÐ ¾uld grÐ °duÐ °lly slÐ ¾w dÐ ¾wn becÐ °use Ð ¾f the sÐ °me hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n which wÐ ¾uld nÐ ¾t seem sÐ ¾ exciting Ð °nymÐ ¾re. MeÐ °nwhile, my mÐ ¾ther here wÐ °s suppÐ ¾sed tÐ ¾ refer tÐ ¾ the theÐ ¾ry Ð ¾f mind Ð °nd try tÐ ¾ understÐ °nd my fÐ °ther Ð ¾r dÐ ¾ sÐ ¾mething thÐ °t wÐ ¾uld turn him Ð °wÐ °y frÐ ¾m his Ð ¾nline Ð °ddictiÐ ¾n.CÐ ¾nsequently, she wÐ ¾uld be Ð °ble tÐ ¾ cÐ ¾rrectly respÐ ¾nd Ð ¾n this situÐ °tiÐ ¾n Ð °nd Ð °vÐ ¾id their sepÐ °rÐ °tiÐ ¾n. Ð ccÐ ¾rding tÐ ¾ the theÐ ¾ry Ð ¾f mind, peÐ ¾ple shÐ ¾uld first explÐ ¾re themselves Ð °nd then try tÐ ¾ perceive Ð ¾thers. Ð s Ð ° result, this perceptiÐ ¾n wÐ ¾uld becÐ ¾me mÐ ¾re Ð °ccurÐ °te Ð °nd precise. This will Ð °llÐ ¾w them tÐ ¾ mÐ °ke better decisiÐ ¾ns Ð °nd build brighter future tÐ ¾gether. GenerÐ °l psychÐ ¾lÐ ¾gy enÐ °bles us tÐ ¾ hÐ °ve Ð ° better insight Ð ¾f feelings, emÐ ¾tiÐ ¾ns, Ð °nd thÐ ¾ughts which we experience Ð ¾n hÐ ¾urly bÐ °sis. In cÐ °se mentiÐ ¾ned Ð °bÐ ¾ve hÐ °bituÐ °tiÐ ¾n is Ð ° prÐ ¾blemÐ °tic issue while the theÐ ¾ry Ð ¾f mind seems tÐ ¾ be Ð ¾ne Ð ¾f the wÐ °ys Ð ¾ut. References

Reserch Proposal Example - 1307 Words

Developing Research Proposals Handout Prepared by Ted Zorn, University of Waikato This is a handout I often give to students when I expect them to provide a research proposal for a course project. That is, it’s intended for fairly brief proposals, not a prospectus for a masters or doctoral thesis. It gives students an example of the sort of thing I want, plus some commentary (in italics) about what I’m expecting in each section. I sometimes change the particular example given, in order to encourage them to think about particular kinds of projects. For instance, the example provided here was used in a Leadership Communication course. I’ve used the same format, but a different research project example, for a course on†¦show more content†¦The interpretive perspective places the focus on interpreting the meanings and perspectives of cultural members, and how these meanings are negotiated (Trujillo, 1992). I am exploring the meanings the sales staff and customers have for themselves as individuals and for their relationships, as well as the meanings sales staff have for the organisation, group, and profession of which they are members. The situational approach directs me to choose one or a few specific interactions to explore in depth. Thus, an appropriat e means of investigating the topic from this perspective is observation of conversation, plus interviewing the interactants to understand the meanings they have for their symbolic interactions. [Briefly identify and explain the theoretical framework you will use to guide your investigation, how it fits your purpose and its implications for the research methods] Method: 1. Conduct a literature review on leadership and communication in SMTs. 2. Observe the group four hours per week for six weeks, focusing mostly on conversations at team meetings, especially those conversations in which the group addresses changes to their work processes and issues of team relationships and identity(ies). 3. Interview team members to clarify and provide insight into conversations. I willShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Learning Organization in Knowledge Management Process4044 Words   |  17 Pagesstructure, the information acquires higher values. The information acquires new meanings by interpretations and assimilations, thus turning into knowledge. On this level, information is placed inside a mental structure and can be consciously used, for example, in order to anticipate future consequences or to make a decision. By using this knowledge in making different choices we behave in an intelligent way. Eventually, by orienting intelligent behavior to a sense of duty and tactic vision, we can stateRead MoreMalnutrition in Children4819 Words   |  20 PagesPRESENTED BY [Name] Admission number SUPERVISOR: A RESERCH PROPOSAL SUBMITED TO KENYA INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF A DIPLOMA IN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS MANAGEMENT May 2012 DECLARATION Student’s declaration I declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted in any other learning institution for the award of degree or diploma. Name Signature Date Supervisor declaration This proposal has been submitted with any approval as college supervisorRead MoreFactors Affecting Supplier Selection in Procurement Process Among International Ngos: Case of Un Agencies in Kenya11125 Words   |  45 PagesIN PROCUREMENT PROCESS AMONG INTERNATIONAL NGOs: CASE OF UN AGENCIES IN KENYA BY OTIENO SAMUEL NAVAKA A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN PURCHASING AND SUPPLIES MANAGEMENT TO THE KENYA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT. AUGUST 2013 DECLARATION Declaration by the Student This research proposal is my original work and has never been presented before to any other examination body. No part of this work should be reproduced